iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-12 ~ December 2020

Abstract: Evidence suggests that exercise may contribute to prevent pathological changes, treating multiple chronic diseases, and reducing mortality and morbidity ratio. Scientific evidence moreover shows that exercise plays a key role in improving health related physical fitness components and hormone functions. Regular exercise is one of the few strategies that have been strictly adapted by healthy individuals for fitness. However, time-dependent exercise has different outcomes, which are also mainly based on the type of exercise, duration and hormone adaption etc. In the present review, we briefly describe the type and duration of exercise performed in morning and evening. In addition to this context, we discuss the pros (advantages) and cons (disadvantages} of the best and suitable time of day for exercise, for getting maximum benefits out of it..

Key Words: Morning exercise, Evening exercise, Diurnal variations

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Abstract: Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a multiorgan involvement. Hematological system is frequently affected in the setting of the disease . The study aims to find out the peripheral blood and bone marrow changes in SLE.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of pathology in collaboration with the department of medicine ,, Regional Institute of Medical Scinces , Imphal , Manipur . A total of 25 diagnosed cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE ) attending the out patient department and those admitted in the ward were chosen for the study . A detailed history along with a clinical general examination was followed by peripheral blood examination........

Key Word: Systemic lupus erythematosus , hematological changes , peripheral blood , bone marrow.

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[2]. Hellman DB and Imboden JB. Systemic lupus erythematosus . In: Mcphee SJ , Papadakis MA ,Tierney LM , editors . Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment .47th ed .New York : McGraw Hill Lange ; 2008 . p 725 - 29 .
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[5]. Doherty M , Lanyon P , Ralstone SH . Systemic lupus erythematosus . In : Haslet C , Chilvers ER , Boon NA , Colledge NR , editors . Davidsons Principles and practice of Medicine . 19 th ed . Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone ; 2002. P. 1034 -36.

Abstract: Background - Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common hospital acquired infections among patients in intensive care units and is major cause of mortality and morbidity despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. VAP is usually complicated by infection with multidrug resistant organisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial causative agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in VAP patients and presence of Extented spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcous aureus (MRSA) in the isolates. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted from April 2018 to October 2018 and includes 33 patients who were under.........

Key Word: Multidrug resistant; risk factors; ventilator-associated pneumonia

[1]. Chastre J, Fagon JY. Ventilator‑associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:867‑903.
[2]. Niederman MS, Craven DE. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital‑acquired, ventilator‑associated and healthcare associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:388‑416.
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[5]. Fartoukh M, Maitre B, Honoré S, Cerf C, Zahar JR, Brun‑Buisson C, et al. Diagnosing pneumonia during mechanical ventilation: The clinical pulmonary infection score revisited. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:173‑9

Abstract: Background: The present study was undertaken to assess the capacity of High Resolution Ultra Sonography and fine needle aspiration cytology of ulnar & popliteal nerves in the detection of pure neuritic leprosy.
Materials & Methods: From 15th April, 2016 upto 14th April 2019 800 suspected cases of pure neuritic leprosy attending Out Patient Department of "The Tenovus Diagnostic & Research Centre Pvt. Ltd", Hakimpara, Siliguri were screened by High Resolution Ultrasonography followed by USG guided Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) on all ultrasonographically hypoechoic nerves. Cytological & Microbiological studies were performed at the 'The Microbes.......

Key Word: High resolution Ultrasonography (HRUS), Primary neuritic leprosy (PNL), Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), Ziehl-Neelsen (Z – N), Ultrasonography (USG), Acid-fast bacilli (AFB)

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Abstract: The latest threat to global health is the ongoing outbreak of the respiratory disease the name Covid-19. As in two preceding instances of emergence of coronavirus disease in the past 18 years — SARS and MERS, the Covid-19 outbreak has posed critical challenges for the public health, research, and medical communities. The outbreak is a stark reminder of the ongoing challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious pathogens and the need for constant surveillance, prompt diagnosis, and robust research to understand the basic biology of new organisms and our susceptibilities to them, as well as to develop effective countermeasures. The articles were searched from databases like PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Science Direct combining MeSH and free-text terms. The virus has.......

[1]. Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., Ren L., Zhao J., Hu Y. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
[2]. Zhou P., Yang X.L., Wang X.G., Hu B., Zhang L., Zhang W. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270–273.
[3]. Wu F., Zhao S., Yu B., Chen Y.M., Wang W., Song Z.G. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature. 2020;579(7798):265–269.
[4]. Wu A., Peng Y., Huang B., Ding X., Wang X., Niu P. Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host Microbe. 2020;27(3):325–328.
[5]. Xu J., Zhao S., Teng T., Abdalla A.E., Zhu W., Xie L. Systematic comparison of two animal-to-human transmitted human coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Viruses. 2020;12(2):244.

Abstract: Situs Inversus with dextrocardia is a rare congenital anomaly. Due to abnormal location of heart , coronary origin anomalies and mirror image pattern of aortic arch, performing percutaneous coronary interventions in such patients becomes challenging.We hereby report a case of a 61 year old gentleman who presented with Non ST Elevation Acute coronary syndrome. A coronary angiography and multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) was done.The technical details and challenges faced are hereby discussed.

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[5]. dextrocardia using double inversion technique. J Cardiol Cases. 2013;8:31-3.

Abstract:Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common autosomal recessive inherited haemoglobin (Hb) disorder found worldwide, with reported high prevalence of 2 – 3% in Nigeria1,2 while Graves' disease (GD), an acquired autoimmune thyroid disorder is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism, with reported global prevalence of 0.5 – 2%; and Thyroid Cancer (TC), a rare cause of hyperthyroidism, is also the commonest endocrine cancer globally3,4,5,. These disorders are common causes of life threatening medical emergencies, chronic disability and major distress and drain on family resources3,4,6,7,8,9,10. The high costs and limited availability of current recommended standard diagnostic and monitoring work-up ancillary investigation tests for SCD, GD and TC markers; and treatment facilities for these......

Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Graves' Disease, Thyroid Cancer, Hyperthyroidism, Co-existing.
Written informed consent for use of her history and investigation results were obtained from the patient as well as ethical approval from the institutional research ethics review board (IRB) of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT, Nigeria.

[1]. Adewoyin AS. Management of Sickle Cell Disease : A Review for Physician Education in Nigeria ( Sub-Saharan Africa ). 2015;2015.
[2]. Adewoyin AS, Obieche JC. Hypertransfusion Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease in Nigeria. 2014;2014.
[3]. Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and other causes of Thyrotoxicosis. doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0229
[4]. Ogbera AO, Okosieme OE. Thyroid diseases in Africa: epidemiology and management challenges. Thyroid Int. 2014;1:3-16. http://www.thyrolink.com/merck_serono_thyrolink/en/images/Thyroid_Inter_1_2014_WEB_tcm1553_124372.pdf?Version=. Accessed July 25, 2018.
[5]. Livolsi VA, Baloch ZW. The Pathology of Hyperthyroidism. 2018;9(December). doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00737

Abstract:Background: Sleep related disorders (SRDs) not only impair quality of life but also pose several health-related problems and have been considered an unmet public health problem. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of sleep related disorders among adult population in an urban community of Imphal East District, Manipur and assess the association between sleep related disorders and selected socio-demographic variables of interest such as age, gender, marital status etc. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in an urban area of Imphal east district of Manipur from May to June, 2017. Sample size calculated was 675 and three communities were chosen by convenience sampling. Data were collected.....

Key words: Sleep, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)

[1]. ICSD-The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and coding manual; 2nd ed. Westchester, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2005.
[2]. Colten HR, Altevogt BM, editors. Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: An unmet public health problem. Washington DC: National Academies Press; 2006. p. 55-172.
[3]. Mitler M, Carskadon MA, Czeisler CA, Dement WC, Dinges DF, Graeber RC. Catastrophes, sleep, and public policy: Consensus report. Sleep 1988;11:100-9.
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[5]. Panda S, Taly AB, Sinha S, Gururaj G, Girish N, Nagaraja D. Sleep related disorders among healthy population in South India. Neurology India 2012 Jan-Feb;60(1):68-74..

Abstract:Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of flap design on visibility and accessibility during removal of impacted third molar and hematoma formation, wound gaping and healing of flap post-operatively. Study Design: The randomized prospective comparative study included 30 patients with impacted mandibular third molars. Two flap designs namely envelope flap (Koener's incision) and 'triangular flap' (Ward's incision) were used. After 7 days, sutures were removed and status of wound, periodontal health, and progress of healing was assessed. Patients were followed through 15 days to judge the incidence of post-operative complications in both groups.......

Keywords: Envelope flap, impacted mandibular third molar, Koener's incision, triangular flap, Ward's incision

[1]. Jakse N, Bankaoglu V, Wimmer G, Eskici A, Pertl C. Primary wound healing after lower third molar surgery: Evaluation of 2 different flap designs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;93:7–12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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Abstract: Introduction: The hematological and demographical changes due to multi-organ involvement in typhoid fever are not uncommon and they are also related with each other's. The objective of this study was to find out the frequency and brutality of the above changes in adult patients admitted to the hospital because of typhoid fever. Material & Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University(BSMMU), Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and, SSMCH – Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital (SSMCH), Dhaka for a period of one year from July 2015 to June 2016. A total number of 100 children with typhoid fever were studied and diagnose were based on clinical features, Widal test and blood culture.....

Key Words: Personal Hygiene Practice, Typhoid Fever, Hematological, Demographical, Leukocyte Count

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[4]. Van den Bergh ET, Gasem MH, Keuter M. Out come in three groups of patients with typhoid fever in Indonesia in between 1948 and 1990. Trop Med Int Health 1999; 4:211-15.
[5]. Arora D, Singh R, Kaur M, Ahi RS 2010, 'A changing pattern in antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serotype isolated in north India'. Afr J Microbiol Re; vol. 4, pp. 197-203.

Abstract:Aim To determine the predictors of early post-operative wound infection following debridement in lower limb long bone fractures.
Methods 56 patients with open lower limb long bone fracture who consented were studied. Early wound infection was defined as infection occurring not later than 1 month of wound debridement. Using Chi-square and logistic regression analysis, factors such as mechanism of injury, G-A grade of the fracture, method of immediate skeletal stabilization and method of wound closure were correlated with rate of infection.
Results The rate of wound infection in G-A grade I, II, IIIA and IIIB fractures were 1.8%,10.7%, 21.4% and 28.6% respectively. All 14 patients who had immediate skeletal stabilization for G-A IIIA or B with external fixation developed either a post-operative wound infection or pin tract infection.In this study 18(32.1%) patients with tibia and fibular fracture had wound infection compared to 5(8.9%) patients with femoral fracture.
Conclusion Logistic regression shows that the......

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Abstract:Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease with low survival rate and high mortality. However, it has been noted that changing position of the patients on ventilator has significant impact on respiratory mechanics. Prone positioning is supplementary strategy to enhance gas exchange in patients with ARDS and to lessen the lung damage due to mechanical ventilation. Several researches reported effects of prone positioning in ARDS patients and variable outcomes in different patients. Complex mechanisms are involved behind this changing position and lungs oxygenation. Our study aims to do a review on the demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of prone positioning in ARDS patients as this has not been clearly described in literature.........

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, prone position, respiratory mechanics, mechanical ventilation, lung volume, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

[1]. Marini JJ, Josephs SA, Mechlin M, Hurford WE. Should Early Prone Positioning Be a Standard of Care in ARDS With Refractory Hypoxemia? Respir Care. 2016;61(6):818-29.
[2]. Ayzac L, Girard R, Baboi L, Beuret P, Rabilloud M, Richard JC, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in ARDS patients: the impact of prone positioning. A secondary analysis of the PROSEVA trial. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(5):871-8.
[3]. Pelosi P, Bottino N, Chiumello D, Caironi P, Panigada M, Gamberoni C, et al. Sigh in supine and prone position during acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167(4):521-7.
[4]. Koulouras V, Papathanakos G, Papathanasiou A, Nakos G. Efficacy of prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A pathophysiology-based review. World J Crit Care Med. 2016;5(2):121-36.
[5]. Mancebo J, Fernandez R, Blanch L, Rialp G, Gordo F, Ferrer M, et al. A multicenter trial of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(11):1233-9.