IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2015

Abstract: Everyone censures corruption at a societal stage but that does not mean that anyone has escaped from the flu of corruption. It is not an infection in one country. People worldwide are involved in the act of corruption. India is no exception to it. Corruption in India has even crossed the alarming stage. From the officials of the highest rank to a peon, everyone it corrupt. Many big problems such as poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, pollution, external threats, underdevelopment etc. are posed in front of the Indian government. Having a glimpse at all these problems faced by India, one might notice that corruption plays an important role in making these problems even bigger. India is still facing poverty due to corruption. The government and its employees all are corrupt so the schemes floated by the government for the betterment of poor are not properly implemented and just because corruption comes into play the grant advanced to the poor does not reach them and they remain the same and so does the problem of poverty.

[1]. The White Tiger, by Arvind Adiga : A chatty murderer exposes the underbelly of India‟s tier economy in this thrilling debut novel; Reviewed by David Mattin. Sunday, 11 May 2008.
[2]. Books Briefly Noted : The White Tiger by Arvind Adiga (Free Press: $24) April 14, 2008.
[3]. Indians 'worst fear: the honest politician ; guardian .co .uk .Wednesday 30 July 2008 21.00 BST.
[4]. Incredible Journey Through A Changing India, September 5, 2008, By W. H. Jensen (Sammamish, WA United States)
[5]. From the Darkness into the light, October 12, 2008, By M. Feldman (Maine, USA

Abstract:In Natyasastra mainly consists of natya. But Bharatha opines that three types of dance forms natya(dancing accompanied by playing on instruments), nrtta,(dance) nrthya(dance-drama). In the Natyasastra,14th chapter, which is called dharmmi, there is two different types of dharmmi existed in natya which is mentioned above by Bharatha. They are called Natyadharmmi and Lokadharmmi. Lokadharmmi deals with the actions of normal life which are used in natya. Natyadharmmi is the demonstration of those holistic stories in Natya. While discussing about Lokadharmmi and Natyadharmmi, the folk items are considered under the Lokadharmmi. Basically, almost all classical arts form is developed in kerala from the folk ats. Classic stage and classic dance which are included each particular content in its folk elements

[1]. Anupa Pande, A historical and cultural study of the Natyasastra of Bharata, kusumanjali prakashan jodhpur
[2]. G.H. Tarlekar, Studies in the Natyasastra with special reference to the Sanskrit drama in performance,
[3]. Dr.C Rajendran The traditional Sanskrit theatre of kerala, , department of Sanskrit, university of Calicut.
[4]. Dr, M.V. VishnuNamboothiri Natan kalakal natan paattukal, (mal), Poornna Publications, Calicut,
[5]. Raghavan Payyanad, Kerala Folk Lore, (mal), Folk lore Fellows Of Malabar trust.
[6]. Prof. P.C. Vasudevan Ilayath Krishnanattam, translation, (mal), Guruvayur Devaswam Publications

Abstract: The problems that occurred in SMAN 9 Manado that the way teachers work has not shown that the maximum performance due to lack of awareness and discipline in the execution of duties as a professional teacher. Similarly, they found the study of students at SMAN 9 Manado low level of absorbency. Objective research is to determine whether there is influence morale, the teaching profession and character education in shaping the character of the students at SMAN 9 Manado The samples used were 45 respondents and data analysis techniques by using Karl Pearson correlation product moment.

[1]. Agustian, Ari Gina. 2007 Secrets of Success Building Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual. Jakarta: Arga.
[2]. Ametembun NA, Education Supervision Guidance For The Trustees Principals and Teachers, FIP-IKIP Bandung, 1975
[3]. -------------- Class Management Guidance for Teachers and Teacher Candidates FIP-Teachers' Training College, Bandung, 1974.
[4]. Baedhowi in www.infodiknas.com/futureeducation challenge and tips be a professional teacher.
[5]. Education and Culture department, Directorate General of Higher Education, and basic guidelines for teaching and learning, Book I, Project Normalization of Campus Life, tt

Abstract: Study of budget politics often look closely at the government's policy bias against the budget for the benefit of society. In the era of regional authonomy, each region has a policy against the budget. Political studies of the local government budget is relatively new, even though studies polities and budget inseparable. The study used a qualitative approach deskreptif analyzed data from the view of the bureaucrats, the views of NGOs (NGO / NGOs), research scientists, activists of political parties, and the general public. From the result of many studies found that budget policy is still far from "pro-poor budget". It can be seen from year plan in proclaimed by each region in Budgeting for the benefit of poor people (pro-poor budget), but overall in the spirit of regional autonomy, pro-poor budget has begun to emerge.

Keyword: Political Budged, Pro Poor budged, Regional Autonomy

[1]. Surbakti, Ramlan. 1992. "Memahami Ilmu Politik", Jakarta : PT. Grasindo
[2]. Laswell, Harold, Politic : Who Gets What, When, How, New York : The Wolrd Publication Company, 1997
[3]. Robbins, Stephen. 1990. Perilaku Organisasi, Jakarta : Prehalindo
[4]. Musgrave, Richard A Musgrave, Peggy B. Public Finance in Theory and Practice. 1989 Mc Graw Hill Book Company
[5]. Fernandez, L. 2007. Maritime Trade and Migratory Species Management to protect Biodiversity. Enviromental Rosource Economics, 38 (2), pp. 165 – 188

Abstract: Teachers of English participate in discussions which always pertain to the situation specific behaviours of teachers or that of students in English as second language classrooms; as the discussions centre around language teaching and the myths associated with it one easily gets confused with the innumerable jargons of language pedagogy. The teachers explore their teaching beliefs in the classrooms and many a time wonder under what category their classroom practices come. Likewise, discussions, on the nature of approaches, theory, methods, and techniques would invariably confuse the novice teachers and researchers. For the benefit of the teacher and researcher fraternity, the present paper submits the knowledge gathered from different sources.

Keywords: language pedagogy, approaches, theory, methods, techniques

[1]. Anthony, E. (1984). Approach, Method, and Technique. In Smolinski, F. (ed.) Landmarks of American Language and Linguistics, Vol. 1(A Resource Collection for the Overseas Teacher of English as Foreign Language) OELP US Dept. of State Washington, DC.
[2]. Breen, Michael P. and Candlin,Christopher , N. (1980). The essentials of a communicative curriculum in language teaching. Applied Linguistics 1: 89- 112.
[3]. Breen,M.P. (1985). The social context for language learning: a neglected situation? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7 (1) 135-158. [4]. Hilles, S. & Sutton, A. (2001). Teaching Adults. In Celce –Murcia Marianne (ed.) Teaching English as a second or foreign language, 3rd ed. Heinle& Heinle:Thomson Learning. (P.387)
[5]. Hymes, D. (1971). Competence and performance in linguistic theory. In R. Huxley &E. Ingram (eds.) Language Acquisition: Modes and Methods. London: Academic Press.

Abstract: This study investigated the reasoning ability and intelligence of secondary school students. The secondary school students studying in class ix and x of different Government and Private schools of Lucknow city constitute the population of the study. The investigation was conducted on 200 students. Out of the 200 students 100 were male and 100 were female students. It was found that male students have better intelligence as compared to female students. It was also found that there was no significant difference in the reasoning ability of male and female secondary school students. The result showed that there is no significant difference in the intelligence score of Government and Private secondary school students. It had also shown that Private school students had higher reasoning ability as compared to the Government school students.

[1]. Agarwal, J.C. (2007). Essential of educational psychology (2nd edition), Vikas Publication.
[2]. Anand S.P. (1989). Mental health of high school students. Indian Educational Review, Vol. 24(2).
[3]. Gupta & Kumar (2010). The relationship of mental health with emotional and self-efficacy among 200 (100 male and 100 female) college students (Ph.D. Thesis Unpublished), Kurukshetra University.
[4]. Gupta, S.P. (2009). Modern measurement and evaluation with statistics. Sharda Pustak Bhawan.
[5]. Kumari I and Dagaur, B S (1992). Piagetian concepts of conservation serialization and classification in relation to intelligence. Indian Educational Review. Vol.27(4): 73-85.

Abstract:The physical geography of Central Asia is not so favorable for economic activities but the development of technologies, techniques, equipments, machines, irrigation canals with man- power make this region lively for socio- economic developments especially from the beginnings of 1960s when Soviet government involvement was in full fledge in Central Asian countries. But the blind use of agricultural lands, mines and water resources degraded the environment. The socio- economic consequences of the regional environmental change that may be significant include food security,

[1]. Agnew, C. (July 2002), "Drought, Desertification and Desiccation: The Need for Further Analysis", Geographical Association, 87(3): 256- 267.
[2]. Akbarzadeh, S. (2004), "Keeping Central Asia Stable", Taylor & FrancisLimited, 25(4): 689- 705.
[3]. *Asian Development Bank (2012), Addressing Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific, ADB: Philippines.
[4]. *Asian Development Bank (2009), Climate Change and Migration in Asia and the Pacific, ADB Press: Philippines.
[5]. Ataniyazova, O. A. (2003), Health and Ecological Consequences of the Aral Sea Crisis, Uzbekistan: The Karakalpak Center for Reproductive Health and Environment.
[6]. Black, R and D.S.G. Thomas (2011), "The Effect of Environmental Change on Human Migration", Global Environmental Change, 21S (2011): S3- S11.

Abstract: English Language Teaching (ELT) has undergone a gradual transformation over time in Bangladesh. We know that, to become a proficient speaker of English, one need to possess the four skills of English language – reading, writing, listening & speaking. Among these, listening & speaking skills are most neglected in the curriculum of English in schools and colleges in Bangladesh. Because of inattention to listening skill in the English language classes, students continue to stay behind in comprehending and generating spoken English, in this manner failing to achieve the target of communicative competence. This paper focuses on the importance of Listening along with the problems faced by the teachers as well as students in the listening classes in Bangladesh. The result of a small scale survey is included showing the feelings of students to listening and at the end of the paper, some recommendations are made to overcome the obstacles of a listening class.

Keywords: Listening, communicative competence, strategy, listener, motivation.

1]. Alam, Z. and Sinha, B.S. 2009. "Developing Listening Skills for Tertiary Level Learners", The Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics, Vol. 2, No. 3, Page: 19 – 52. Print
[2]. Brown, S. 2006. Teaching Listening, New York: Cambridge University press. Page: 2. Print
[3]. Harmer, J. 1998. How to Teach English, Essex : Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. Page: 97-99, 108. Print
[4]. Harmer, J. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching (3rd edition), Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2001: 228. Print
[5]. Nunan, D. 2003. Practical English Language Teaching, New York : McGraw Hill. Print
[6]. Richards, J.C. and Rodgers, T.S., 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Page: 156. Print [7]. Vandergrift, L. 1999. "Facilitating second language listening comprehension: acquiring successful strategies." ELT Journal 53/3, Page: 168. Print.

Abstract: Throughout human history, people have perpetrated extreme violent acts in the name of religion –A complex series of psychological, political, historical and theological factors combine to trigger such behavior. The September 11/2001 and the post - facto situation has given air to religious extremism in certain areas of the globe and Pakistan is not an exception to this. This event has severe effects on society of Pakistan. Many studies have been conducted on the different aspects of extremisms, but very less work is done on the impact of religious extremism on women. This paper emphasizes on the impacts of religious extremism on women in Sindh province, where recent incidents have given a blow to many social, ethnic and human mishaps regarding women. The study is based on secondary data collected from various reports and data collected through semi structured questionnaire from the randomly selected population. The Study identifies restricted mobility, uncertainty, fear and stress due to incidences prompted by religious extremism have high impact on the psychology of women. The findings of this study suggest immediate measures by all the major stakeholders to tackle the issue for enabling women to enjoy their basic human rights and participate equally for their economic prosperity.

Keywords: Economic dependence, Fear, Restricted mobility, Uncertainty, Well-being rights.

[1] ICAN. (2014a). Extremism as mainstream: Implications for women, development and security in the MENA/Asia region (pp. 1-12). USA: International Civil Society Network.
[2] Javaid, D. U. (2011). Genesis and Effects of Religious Extremism in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(7), 282-288.
[3] Khan, T. U. (N.A). Religious Extremism in Pakistan its never too late. from NRDF http://www.nrdf.org.pk/publications/religious-extremism-in-pakistan.pdf
[4] Niaz, U. (2004). Women's mental health in Pakistan. World Psychiatry, 3(1), 60-62.
[5] Murthy, R. S., & Lakshmi Narayana, R. (2006). Mental health consequences of war: a brief review of research findings. World Psychiatry, 5(1), 25-30.
[6] Taylor, S. E., Repetti, R. L., & Seeman, T. (1997). HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: what si an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin? Annu. Rev. Psychol, 48, 411-447.

Abstract: Political leadership is regarded globally as the main driver of the development of any nation – state. Across the world, scholars acknowledge that most of the time, the quality of national leadership of countries have determined their political stability, level of general security, economic and national development. Nigeria is recognized globally as being among the poorest countries of the world, with high levels of unemployment and poverty in spite of enormous resources as the world's seventh largest exporter of crude oil. Scholars agreed that the level of security in any given country to a great extent determines the inflow of foreign direct investment, as well as the ability to muster domestic private investment that are necessary to drive the economy. Over the last decade, Nigeria has been experiencing rising insecurity across different sections of the country, with the most destructive being the rising level of Boko Haram terrorism in the Northern part of the country.

[1]. Abimbola, J. O & Adesote, (2012). Domestic terrorism and boko haram insurgency in nigeria, issues and trends: a historical discourse. Journal Of Arts And Contemporary Society. vol 4 (2012), pp 11 – 29.
[2]. Adesoji, A. (2010). The Boko Haram Uprising and Islamic Revivalism in Nigeria. Africa Spectrum, 45(2), 95-108.
[3]. Adesoji, A. (2011). Between Maitatsine and Boko Haram: Islamic Fundamentalism and the Response of the Nigerian State. Africa Today, 57(4), 98-119. doi: 10.1353/at.2011.0016
[4]. Aghedo, I., & Osumah, O. (2012). The Boko Haram Uprising: how should Nigeria respond? Third World Quarterly, 33(5), 853-869. doi: 10.1080/01436597.2012.674701
[5]. Aliyu, S. (2009). Religious-based Violence and National Security in Nigeria: Case Studies of Kaduna State and the Taliban activities in Borno State. Being a thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Art and Science, General Studies. Retrieved on 03/07/2012 from http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA501810

Abstract: The objectives of this research was to find out the effect of school principal leadership, compensation and work motivation on teacher professionalism. The research was conducted at private high school in Medan North Sumatera, with sample size 102 of which were selected by simple random sampling. This research used a survey method with path analysis applied in testing hypothesis. These research findings are as follow: (1) there is a direct effect of school principal leadership on work motivation; (2) there is a direct effect of compensation on work motivation; (3) there is a direct effect of school principal leadership on teacher professionalism; (4) there is a direct effect of compensation on teacher professionalism; (5) there is a direct effect of work motivation on teacher professionalism. These findings showed that school principal leadership, compensation and work motivation influenced teacher professionalism. Therefore, teacher professionalism could be improved by increasing school principal leadership, compensation and work motivation.

Keywords: principal leadership, compensation, work motivation and teachers professionalism

[1]. Amstrong, Michael. 2000. Seri Pedoman Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Jakarta: Gramedia
[2]. Tilaar, HAR. 2002. Membenahi Pendidikan Nasional. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
[3]. Elasfin, Arthur. 2010. Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan. http://siteresources. worldbank. org/ INTIINDONESIA/Resources/Publication
[4]. Tanjung, Nur. 2009. Pengantar: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bandung: Mandar Maju

Abstract: The fundamental aim of every academic library is to provide an effective and efficient information services to its user community; hitherto, this could be greatly achieved if university libraries are automated. This study investigated the influence of automated cataloguing and circulation systems operation on library services in three selected academic libraries in South Western Nigeria. The study shows the capabilities and functionality of the library automation, role of automation in revolutionizing the library, level of automation in the university libraries, extent of automated circulation system operation, relationshipbetween automated cataloguing and circulation systemoperationand challenges of automation in the provision of information needs of users. The study finally makes some recommendations in combating the challenges affecting university libraries in Nigeria.

Keywords: Academic libraries, Automated cataloguing, Circulation system operation, Library services, University libraries, Nigeria.

[1]. Abbas, K.D. Automation in Nigerian University Libraries: Mirage or Reality? Information and Knowledge Management. 4(4), 2014, 1-7
[2]. Adekanye, E. A. Computerization of the FatiuAdemolaAkesode Library, Lagos State University,2011. Available at: http://unlli.unl.edu/LPP/. Accessed 2nd February 2014.
[3]. Adeyemi, J. K. "Equality of access and catchment area factor in university admissions in Nigeria."Higher Education. 42(3), 2001, 307 –332.
[4]. Alabi, G.A. Computer Usage in Africa: Trends, Problems and Prospects. Nigerian Library and Information Science Review, 5 (1& 2),1987, 1-6.
[5]. Husain, R. And Alan Ansari, M.. From card catalog to Web OPACs.DESIDOC Bulleting of Information Technology. 26(2)2006, 41 – 47.

Abstract: This study on the paradox of economic growth without development seeks to investigate and determine the abnormalities associated with economic growth and development in Nigeria. Poverty in Nigeria is rising with more than 110 million people living on less than $1 a day, despite strong growth in Nigeria's economy. In spite of its growth, the Nigerian economy has failed to generate decent jobs and poverty is widespread. The unemployment rate is about 23.9% compared to 21.4% in 2010. Poverty is very high and persistent. Social indicators in health, education and other sectors remained relatively weak even when the economy is claimed to be growing at between 6-8% (2011-2014). Corruption, fraud, high level of insecurity and treasury looting has been identified as the major systemic problems that entrenched this paradox and an albatross on the neck of the national economy.

[1]. Agbakoba, O. and Ogbonna, H. (2004)Local Government Administration and Development in Nigeria: A capacity building manual. Lagos: HURILAWS.
[2]. Aliyu, C. U.(2013) "Growth without development: Confronting the paradox".
[3]. A paper presented at the 43rd Annual ICAN Conference, Abuja, Nigeria, October 8-10
[4]. Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) (1999)Nigeria's development prospects: poverty assessment and alleviation study, Research Department, Abuja, Nigeria.
[5]. Daily Sun Newspaper, August 27, 2013 p.12.
[6]. Daniel, A. (2011)"Experimental poverty measures". Summary of a Workshop paper presented at the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT).

Abstract: From the nomadic life man became permanent settler and thus he not only introduced in family life and social system, he became thinker, philosopher for the stability of society, peace and happiness in family; also introduced social norms, customs, beliefs, developed attitude of respect, affection, morality and what to establish a societal man. With the progress of civilization, spread has become increased-in terms of movement, interaction, thoughts- and generally became modern nomade and distancing ourselves from an ideal social man and transforming ourselves as selfish being and speedly loosing the social value, norm, customs, attitude of honesty, dignity, co-operation, kindheartedness, duty, morality etc. The traditional norms and value system of Indian Society laid emphasis on showing respect and concern for the elderly.

[1]. The Ageing in India Ed A.B. Bose & K.D .Gandrade Abhinav Publications, New Delhi,1988. P.61.
[2]. Aged in Changing Social System: Their Problems N.K.Behura, R.P Mohanty Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi,2005 P.2,39.
[3]. Challenge before the Elderly: An Indian Scenario Ed S.Vijay Kumar M.D.Publication Pvt Ltd. New Delhi, 1995.
[4]. Indian Elderly A multidisciplinary Dimension A.K.Kapoor, Satwanti Kapoor Mittal Publications, New Delhi,2004. P.5 &44.
[5]. Irudiya Raajn, S, 2001. "Social Assistance for Poor Elderly: How Effective?" Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (8), 613-617

Abstract: True happiness of an everlasting nature is the happiness of the spirit which is the true essence of human beings. It is permanent and indestructible and has existence even after the physical body is destroyed. Spirit is the inner core of man and is bliss, peace and happiness of a permanent nature. The right goal of life should, therefore be to seek happiness of the Spirit. The founders and earliest practitioners of religion had shown that Knowledge, Devotion and Action are the inalienable aspects of the fundamental unity of human nature and suggested three paths Karma Yoga, Para Vidya and Bhakti that will enable the seeker to take him to the Goal of Super Consciousness. Para Vidya or 'The Ultimate Study' is the study of what lies beyond the reach of mind and senses, which are the two normal faculties for the acquisition of knowledge.

[1]. Bhave, V., Bhagvad Gita, Accessed from www.hindubooks.org/vinoba/gita.
[2]. Dua, K.K., (2005), "Bhagvad Gita on Right Action" , Theology, Science and Technology – Ethics and Moral Values, Editors:
P.K.Saxena and D.K.Chaturvedi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 187-190.
[3]. Dua, K. K., (1999), "Bhagvad Gita and Environment", Bhartiya Kala Prakashan, New Delhi.
[4]. Gandhi, M.K., (2009), "The Bhagvad Gita", Diamond Pocket Books, New Delhi.
[5]. Hill, D.P., (1925), "The Bhagvad Gita", Motilal Banarsi Dass, New Delhi, India.