IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2016

Abstract: Based on farmers' preferences this paper estimates the non-market values of agricultural environmental attributes and their changes within the study area. The analysis was carried out using a choice experiment technique of stated-preference to conduct investigations regarding different land use options within the agricultural land of Borecha Woreda of the Sidama Zone. The data set was constructed using a detailed household level survey amongst 150 representative farmers throughout the Woreda, including all agriculturally important settlements. Questionnaires, detailed focused group discussions and personal interviews approaches are selected as the appropriate surveying techniques......

Keywords: choice experiment method, random parameters logit model, agricultural Land use option, Borecha.

[1] Aidarov, I. P., &Korolkov, A. I. (2003).Perspektivy Razvitiya Kompleksnyh Meropriyatiy V Rossi (Further outlooks for integrated land reclamation in Russia). Moscow, Russian.
[2] Azqueta, D. &Sotelsek, D. 2007. Valuing nature: from environmental impacts to natural capital. Ecological Economics 63(1):22–30.
[3] Ben-Akiva, M. and Lerman, S.R, 1985. Discrete choice analysis: Theory and Application to Travel Demand, MIT press, Cambridge.
[4] Bennett J, Blamey R., 2001.The Choice Modeling Approach to Environmental valuation New horizons in environmental valuation, Edward Elgar publishing limited, UK.
[5] Birol E., Karousakis K., and Koundouri P., 2005. Using a Choice Experiment to Estimate the Non-Use Values of Wetlands: The case of Cheimaditida wetland in Greece: Environmental Economy and Policy Research Discussion Paper Series, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge

Abstract: This Paper discusses Social Welfare and the Problem of Begging in Nigeria. Observably, most beggars are found to be Muslims by religion, which raises arguments with regards to the legitimacy of begging in Islam. The Paper besides stating the real legal conditions of begging in Islam, unveils the reason why some Muslims mainly from the rural areas either as destitute or in Almajiri Schools make a living by begging including drastic disruption of support rendered to Almajiri Schools after Imperialism, extreme poverty, migration and joblessness............

Keywords: Begging, Muslims, Almajiri, Makarantan Allo, Makarantan Ilimi.

[1] Al-Gazali, M. (2012). Ihya' Ulum Al-Din. Cairo: Al-Quds Publishing Company
[2] Ibn Fodio, A. (2007). Lubab Al-Madkhal. Egypt: Al-Nahar Publishing Company
[3] Ibn Khaldun, A. (2010). Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldun. Cairo: Darr Al-Tawfiqiyyah Li- Al-Turath
[4] Onoyase, A. (2010). Effective Method Of Combating Street Begging In Nigeria As Perceived By Panhandlers. Studies On Home And Community Science. 4(2), 109-114. Retrieved: October 25, 2016 From Pakacademicsearch.Com/…/93
[5] Tijjani, A. (2005, December). Curbing The Menace Of Begging In The Muslim Ummah: The Religious Perspective. Kano Journal Of Arts And Social Science. 4(1), 196-202

Abstract: Occupational mobility is dynamic in nature. It cannot be remain same as the time progresses, it also changes. Across the generations, various studies have documented a basic invariance in the transmission of occupation mobility. Occupation of any community cannot be static in the present scenario. It changes from one generation to another. As the need and desire of things changes, occupation also changes. New and scientific age modified the minds of the individuals which directly effect on the nature of their occupation. The present trend of occupation is so complex and dynamic............

Key Words: Occupational mobility, dynamic, change, agriculture, generation, factors.

[1] Lilien David, "Sectoral Shifts and Cyclical Unemployment", Journal of Political Economy, vol.90 (4), 1982.
[2] Neal Derek, "The Complexity of Job Mobility among Young Men", Journal of Labour Economics, 17(2), 237-61, 1999.
[3] Bjorklund,A., and Jantti, M., "Intergenerational Mobility of Socio-Economic Status in Comparative Perspective", Nordic Journal of Political Economy, vol. 26,pp.3-33, 2000.

[4] K. N. Seenivasa, "Occupational mobility among the Kurubas in Karnatka: A sociological study" International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Intervention, Vol. 2 Issue 3 march 2013 pp. 55-59.
[5] Abhimanyu kumar and Pragya Baseria, "The study of Social mobility among scheduled castes of Blocks Modhinagar in Ghazibad districts of UP India" Global Advanced Research Research and Journal of Educational Research and Reveiw Vol. 1(3) pp. 35-40 April-2012

Abstract: One of the ever growing social issues among teenagers nowadays is aggressive behaviour. The objective of this research is define aggressive behaviour and to bring upon a discussion on the Malaysian schools' data of wilful behaviour by teenagers. This research is using secondary analysis taken from the report on teenagers' wilful behaviour by the Malaysian Ministry of Education in 2014, the result of this study and discussion will be focusing on the definition of teenagers and aggressive behaviour as well as some explanation on the teenagers 'misconduct in Malaysia.

Keywords – Aggressive behaviour, teenagers, social issues, wilful behaviour, behaviour

[1] Kamus Pelajar. (2004). Cetakan Ke-17. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
[2] Pengertian perilaku agresif. (http://belajarpsikologi.com/pengertian-perilaku-agresif/). Diakses pada 26/06/2014
[3] Arieff Salleh Rosman & Wardah Mokhtar. (2006). Membentuk jati diri remaja. Bentong: PTS Professional Publishing Sdn. Bhd.
[4] Azizi Yahaya, Yusof Boon, Jamaludin Ramli, Jaafar Sidek Latif, Fawziah Yahya, Amir Hamzah Abdul (2004). "Psikologi Sosial". Johor Bahru: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
[5] Olweus, D. (1993). Victimisation by peers: Antecedents and long-term outcomes. In K.H. Rubin & J.B. Asendorpf (Eds), Social Withdrawal, Inhabition and Shyness in Childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbraum.

Abstract: A research known as the Psyhological Intervention effect by Imam Al-Ghazali is implemented to a group of high school students to investigate the aggresive behavior among them and its causes. The aim of this study is to address the lack of intervention in the treatment of the aggressive behavior which consists of physical, verbal, emotion and hostility aspects. The group counselling module by Imam Al-Ghazali is based on the Tazkiyatun An-Nafs approach, which is effective to treat and clean the hearts and souls of men. This study is conducted based on quasi-experimental method containing treatment and control groups. Twenty respondents from a secondary school in Pasir Puteh, Kelantan are selected by purposive sampling method.........

Key words :- Intervention, Psyhological Intervention effect by Imam Al-Ghazali

[1] Sapora Sipon. (2007). Keberkesanan Kaunseling Kelompok Pemusatan Insan, Rasional Emotif Tingkah Laku dan Psikologi Kognitif Ad-Din ke atas Tahap Tekanan, Kepuasan Kerja, Strategi Berdaya Tindak dan Sokongan Sosial Guru. (PhD), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
[2] Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice Hall.
[3] Skinner, B.F. (1979). The shaping of a behaviorist. New York: Knpff Inc.
[4] Ellis, A. (1974). Rational-emotive theory. In A. Burton (eds). Operational Theories of Personality. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
[5] Rokiah Mat Jusoh, Aziah Abd Ghani, Hasyati Hassan, & Norlia Othman. (2007). Kerjaya sebagai kaunselor. Batu Caves: PTS Publication & Distributor Sdn. Bhd..

Abstract: This study was carried out in Santa Highland in the Western plateau of Cameroon to ascertain how farmers perceived climate variability and determine coping and adaptation strategies within the agricultural sector. Primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were obtained using different Participatory Research Approaches (PRA) including in-depth interview, focus group discussions and household questionnaires. Findings showed that farmers and grazers perceived changes in rainfall and temperature. The changes have affected the livelihood of integrated crop and animal farmers in a number of ways resulting in improved productivity..........

Keywords – Adaptation measures, climate variability, communities, perception, strategies

[1] Ekpo, F.E. and Nzegblue, E. C. (2012) "Climate variability impact and adaptation opportunities on agricultural production in communities around Itu bridge-head in Itu LGA, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria" International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Volume 2, No 4
[2] Fischer, G.; Shah, M.; Tubiello, F.N.; van Velhuizen, H. (2005) "Socio-economic and climate variability impacts on agriculture: An integrated assessment, 1990–2080". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 360, 2067–2083.
[3] Fogwe, Z. N. (2014) "Montane resources exploitation and the emergence of gender issues in Santa economy of the Western Bamboutos Highlands, Cameroon" in International Journal of Geography and Régional Planning Research, European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-12,
[4] Hawkins M and Brunt D (1965) Report to the Government of Cameroon on the soils and ecology of West Cameroon: a broad reconnaissance survey, Rome, FAO
[5] Kips P, Faure P., Awah E., Kuoh H., Sayol R., F Tchienteu (1987) Soil, Land use and Evaluation of the North West Provinve of Cameroon, Ekona: FAO/UNDP

Abstract: Tourism industry acts as a powerful agent of both economic and social changes. It stimulates employment and investment, alters structure of an economy, contributes to foreign exchange earnings and maintains favorable balance of payment. The money spent by the tourist in a country is turned over several times in the process; the total income earned from tourism is a number of times more than actual spending. The multiplier effect of tourism receipts is completely recognized as spreading to secondary and tertiary sectors of an economy. Tourism helps in the significant growth of economic, social, cultural, educational and political sectors. Marketing and promotion are of vital importance in tourism sector due to the competitiveness of tourism industry both within and between tourism generating nations............

Key Words: Tourism, Employment, Gross Domestic Product, Investment, Foreign Exchange, Tourist Arrivals.

[1] World Travel & Tourism report.2000 to 2015.
[2] NSS data on employment and unemployment 2011.
[3] RBI Bulletins, GOI.
[4] Bureau of Immigration, Govt. of India, for 2000-2014
[5] Reserve Bank of India, for 2000 to 2010

Abstract: This multicultural twin study examined the structure and sources of individual differences in neuroticism. This study assessed cultural influences on the neuroticism component of the personality. A pair of 110 twins in the age group of 3-6 years from five cultural zones of state Haryana was taken. The data were analyzed for neuroticism culture wise and yield new insight into the trait. The results revealed that there was a significant cultural difference in neuroticism trait of personality in dizygotic twins. The respondents of mewat zone had better personality traits against their counterparts.

Keywords: Neuroticism, twins, dizygotic twins, environment, culture.

[1] Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van ijzendoorn, M. H. 2007. Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological `Bulletin. 133, 1-24.
[2] Canli, T. 2004. Functional brain mapping of extraversion and neuroticism: Learning from individual differences in emotion processing. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1105-1132. [3] Caspi A, Roberts B.W., Shiner R.L. 2005. Personality development: stability and change. Annunal Revised Psychology.56:453–84.
[4] Cathy L. Grist, A.S. and David M.M. 2012. A Five Factor Personality Questionnaire for preschool children. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94(3): 287-295.
[5] Church, A.T. 2001. Personality measurement in cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Personality, 69, 979-1006.

Abstract: urf is something that has been fixed (consistent) in the soul, recognized and accepted by the intellect, and it is an argument and easy to understand. Likewise, the customary notion is something (habit) continued to be done by humans under the laws of human reason and keep repeating. 'Urf has been entrenched, provisions which are made repeatedly and received by logic in accordance with nature and a healthy mind. 'Urf is a the manner of the common people or communities. 'Urf in Islamic legal theory (ushul fiqh) gives meaning to the many roles and dynamics of Islamic law. Therefore, the effect of the existence of 'urf against the establishment of Islamic law should be understood as a knife analysis to understand nash, also in the context of the application tanfiz.

Keywords: Al-urf; Social Tradition; Islamic Law; Nash

[1] Abd Qasim Muhammad ibnAhmad ibn Jizi al-Kalabi,al-Tasil li Ulum alTanzilalTijariyah al-KubraMesir, tt.
[2] Abdul Wahab Khallaf, Ilmu Ushul al-Fiqh, Al-Majlis al-A'la al-Indonesiy li Da'wah al-Islamiyah, Jakarta, 1972.
[3] Abi 'Abd Allah al-Qurthubi, al Jami' al-Ahkam al-Qur'an, Dar al-Kutub, Mesir, 1960.
[4] Ad-Dawalibi,al-Madkhal ila 'Ilm Ushul al-Fiqh, Dar al- Kitab, al-Jadid, Beirut, cet.5, 1965.
[5] Ahmad Azhar Basyir, Hukum Adat Bagi Umat Islam, Nur Cahaya, Yogyakarta, 1983.

Abstract: An attempt has been made to construct and validate the academic achievement and mental health scales among the special school students. Well structured scales were administered among them. The sample consists of 750 special school student randomly selected from the schools situated in Tamilnadu state. The scales were validated using't' test and 'F' test. The present research discusses about the level of academic achievement and mental health among the special school students.

Keywords: academic achievement, mental health, special school student.

[1] Bandyopadhyay (2010), "Probing Students' Understanding of Some Conceptual Themes in General Relativity", Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research, 6 (2). p020104-1--020104-14.
[2] Christiano (2014) "Special Education Services Received by Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders from Preschool through High School" Journal of Special Education, 48(3). p167-179.
[3] Gungor (2007), "The Relationship of Freshmen's Achievement and Their Related Affective Characteristics" Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(8). p1036-1056.
[4] Sasson (2013) "Assessment for Effective Intervention: Enrichment Science Academic Program".Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(5). p718-728.

Abstract: Promotion refers to raising customer awareness of a product or brand, generating sales, and creating brand loyalty. It is one of the four basic elements of the market mix, which includes the four P's: price, product, promotion, and place. Promotion is also defined as one of five pieces in the promotional mix or promotional plan. These are personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, and publicity. A promotional mix specifies how much attention to pay to each of the five factors, and how much money to budget. Medan Area University has a promotional strategy to recruit new students in an effort to increase the number of students...........

Keywords: Promotion; Strategy; Recruitment; Macnamara

[1] Alwi, Hasan. 2001. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai PustakaGregory, Anne. 2004. Perencanaan dan Manajemen Kampanye Public Relations.Jakarta: Erlangga.
[2] Hardjana, Andre. 2000. Audit Komunikasi Teori dan Praktek. Jakarta: Grasindo Kamisa. 1997. Kamus
Lengkap Bahasa Indonesia. Surabaya: Kartika
[3] Kasali, Rhenald. 1995. Manajemen Periklanan: Konsep dan Aplikasinya di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka
Utama Grafiti
[4] Kotler, Philip. 1987. Manajemen Pemasaran (Jilid 2). Alih Bahasa Herujati Purwoko dan Jaka Wasana.
Jakarta: Erlangga
[5] 1996. Manajemen Pemasaran (Jilid 1). Alih bahasa Jaka Wasana. Jakarta: Erlangga.. 1997. Manajemen Pemasaran (Jilid 2). Alih bahasa Hcndra Teguh dkk. Jakarta: PT Prenhallindo.

Abstract: There is no doubt that the silence provisions of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 have a significant impact on both pre and post-trial. The role of solicitors has become more complicated after such provisions. They now may be required to justify their advice of making no comments since courts made it clear that the legal advice to remain silent does not protect suspects' defence unless there are soundly-based objective reasons for such a decision. It is important for suspects to consider why they should follow their solicitors' advice. However, such advice should be given appropriate weight in deciding whether to draw adverse inferences in court...........

Keywords: Adverse Inferences; Police Disclosure; Pre-Trial Stage; Silence Provisions.

[1] Belloni, F and Hodgson, J, Criminal injustice: An Evaluation of the Criminal Justice Process in Britain, 2000, Macmillan Press LTD.
[2] Bucke, T, Street, R and Brown, D, The Right of Silence: The Impact of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994, 2000, Home Office Research Study 199. (England Study)
[3] Cape, E, Defending Suspects at Police Stations, fifth edition, 2006, the Legal Action Group.
[4] Cap, E, Police Station Advice: Advising on Silence, January 2006, the Law Society, Criminal Practitioners' Newsletter, No. 63.
[5] Cape, E, Police Station Advice: Defence Strategies after Condron, October 1997, Legal Action Magazine.

Abstract: This paper aims at examining a different kind of architecture, neither religious nor civil; called the pigeon towers. This kind of architecture is rare and full of beauty and mystery, although in its plan and design it resembles a military unit that extends along the city. As a matter of fact, this vertical architecture is limited mostly to the Iranian plateau. Thus, the sources of its planning are to be the writer's obsession, to clarify whether the design depended on the Iranian heritage building that appeared before Islam 'Ateshgᾱh', or became to be known through the Armenian architects who came to Isfahan during Shah Abbas period (1587-1629). Along the planning importance, the study will trace the pigeon tower's history, function, material and its main features, depending on the views of the historian, voyager and the remaining pigeon towers that exist in Iran.

[1] Beighami, Ghahari,Hoiiat, " looking at the types of pigeon houses remaining in Isfahan and revival opportunities in these buildings", Cumhuriyet University faculty of Science, Science Journal, Vol.36, No.4, pp.1402-1411. special Issue, 2015
[2] Encyclopedia Iranica, 2012
[3] Aryan Amirkahni, Parham Baghaie, Ali Akbar Taghvaee, et al: "Isfahan's dovecotes: remarkable edifices of Iranian vernacular architecture." METU JFA, Volume 26, Number 1, pp. 177-186, 2009
[4] Mohamed Mahmoudian, Ali Chit-Saz, "Pigeon houses of Esfahan",Kolha, Esfahan,2000
[5] Nabi, Dayrosh, "Kapotar khan Isfahan",second congres of the history of Iranian architecture and urbanism, sazman mirth farhangy, pp.201-223,1999.

Abstract: Notary position is an occupation that is inherent in notaries themselves, and it is extremely difficult to separate between the behavior of the notary oneself and notary behavior while served as notary on duty position whom notary is required to behave well for his own personal as well as in office, hence the notary nominee before be appointed as a notary must make a bold statement stating he will oblige to conduct competency test if conduct violations related to behavior and notary position implementation which has set forth in Notary Ethic Code, UUJN, and related legislation.

Keywords : the urgency, competency test, unscrupulous notary

[1] Peter Mahmud Marzuki, Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2010, p.96
[2] Soerjono Soekanto, Pengantar Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta: UI-Press, 2012, p. 9
[3] GHS Lumban Tobing, Peraturan Jabatan Notaris, Jakarta: Erlangga, 1983, p. 301
[4] Ibid., p.302Ibid.
[6] Liliana Tedjosaputro, Etika Profesi dan Profesi Hukum, Jakarta: Aneka Ilmu, 2003, p. 93.