IOSR-JHSS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-5 ~ May -2019

Abstract: Borrowing Chinese words to enrich a language system is a popular way that many Asian countries have applied. In the Eastern and Southeastern of Asia, Chinese characters were transformed into an official letters of many other countries, or at least become official letters for the governing class, the intellectual class of many countries. For centuries, in Korea, Japan, and Vietnam,Chinese characters were considered as officiallanguage (Nguyen Tai Can, 2000). In Vietnam, the borrowing of Chinese words have existed for a long time, and these borrowed words are pronounced in Vietnamese, as called Chinese -Vietnamese words. Chinese -Vietnamese words have an important meaning in adjusting Vietnamese.............

Keywords: Borrowing, Chinese, influence, Chinese -Vietnamese words

[1]. Nguyen Tai Can (1979, reprinted 2000). Origin and process of formation of reading Vietnamese phonetic, National University Publishing House, Hanoi. Page, 19.
[2]. Nguyen Thien Giap (1996). Introduction of Linguistics, Education Publishing House, page 26.
[3]. Vietnamese language (2012). Vietnamese dictionary, Hong Duc Publishing House, page 992
[4]. Vo Ngan Vuong (2015). Chinese - Vietnamese words - Vietnamese aspects, Young talented, page 1.
[5]. Nguyen Van Quan (2016). Methods of scientific research. Educational publisher, page 6./

Abstract: The nexus of poverty and livelihood has been discussed widely in global context. This paper deals with the discussion of socio-economic statusand livelihood of the Dalits, one of the most deprived communities in Nepal.The study was empirically conducted in Mahottari district, Province No. 2 of Nepal. The paperparticularly follows financial capitals of the Dalits. The analysis presented here is based on the primary data, empirically evident from the field conducted during July-August 2018. The findingsshow that the Dalit community has very poor stock of financialcapitals as manifested their weak employment status, low livestock income, high household level expenditures and increasing debt. The study largely adopted a quantitative technique following a household survey purposively selected 315 households,and a case study was also taken to saturate the findings.

Key Terms: Dalits, livelihood, financial asset, Nepal

[1]. Bhatta, K.C. (2017). Livelihood index of Dalits in far western region of Nepal. [Unpublished Doctoral Thesis]. Submitted to Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
[2]. Cameron, M. (2010). Introduction: More than rite of passage. In A. Guneratne (Ed.), Dalits of Nepal: Towards Dignity, Citizenship and Justice. Kathmandu: Himal Books.
[3]. CBS. (2012). National Population and Housing Census, Vol. I & II. Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics.
[4]. CBS/ NLSS. (2011). Nepal Living Standard Survey-NLSS, 2010/11. Statistical Reports, Vol. 1 & 2, Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics.
[5]. Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (1992.). Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21st century. London: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex

Abstract: Linguists have regularly shown concern about the nagging problem of increase in the number of endangered languages, and they have not only tried to find out the reasons behind language death (Dalby, 2002; Krauss, 1992), but also seek out measures how to protect the endangered languages. As the interactive UNESCO World Atlas of Endangered Languages (last updated July 4, 2017), today as many as 2500 languages out of roughly 7000 languages spoken are endangered (Moseley, 2010). Anthropologists and sociolinguistics have studied the phenomenon, studied the society and its people, and have offered solutions. Of late, a new and emerging linguistics has emerged more successful in handling the issue of endangered language from a new perspective: the ecological perspective. This branch.........

[1]. Crystal, David. 2000. Language Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[2]. Dalby, Andrew. 2002. Language in Danger. London: Penguin.
[3]. Fill, Alwin F. & Penz, H (2018). Eds. The Routledge Handbook of Ecolinguistics. New York: Routledge.
[4]. Fill, Alwin, & Peter Mühlhäusler (eds.). 2001. The Ecolinguistics Reader. London: Continuum.
[5]. Grenoble, L. (2011). Language ecology and endangerment. In P. Austin & J. Sallabank (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Endangered Languages (Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics, pp. 27-44). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511975981.002

Abstract: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC), as an organ of the United Nations has come a long way in maintaining international peace and security. Over the years, it has been criticized on issues such as its legitimacy and efficiency. Some critics believe that there are some structures which have become ineffective because of the evolving trends of global security and the emergence of newer and stronger threats to deal with. Other critics believe that the supposed ineffectiveness of the United Nations Security Council comes from the reluctance of the permanent five members to compromise on certain key decisions relating to security. The United Nations Security Council has been a legitimate and effective organ over the years. However, the contemporary dynamics of security keeps.............

[1]. Chimni B. S., (2004) "International Institutions Today: An Imperial Global State in the Making", European Journal of International Law, Vol. 15, No. 1,

[2]. Mboka, J «Africans rejects G-4 UNSC Reform Proposal,» Africa in a Power game, 20 September 2005, <http// www.un.org/largerfr.un.refor/um.org.un//->[27 September 2018].

[3]. Okumu, Wafula «Africa and the UN Security Council Permanent Seats', 15 April2005, http://: www.globalpolicy.org/security/reform/cluster1/2005/0428afriseats.htm, (26 September 2005)

[4]. Shambaugh, David L. 2007. "China's Propaganda System: Institutions, Processes and Efficacy." The China Journal(57): 25-58.

[5]. Summers, H. G. Jr 1999.. The Vietnam War Almanac. Novato, CA: Presidio Press.

Abstract: The study focused on the Patterns of Hospitality and Tourism industries in Okitipupa Local Government Area of Ondo State Nigeria. This was as a bid to examine the spatial distribution of hospitality and tourism industries. Data were collected from the various hotels in the Local Government Area. Only one hypothesis was generated in line with the objectives of the study. The objective was tested for the Patterns of the Hospitality and Tourism industiesy in the study area. The Global positioning system (GPS) receiver handily was used to capture the geographic co-ordination of the hotel in the Local Government Area. The hotels were classified, based on the United Kingdom classifications scheme. 21 (twenty-one) hotels were selected randomly in Okitipupa Local Government Areas, the analysis of the data collected was done using descriptive Statistics, simple Percentage and inferential Statistics..........

Key Terms: Patterns, Hospitality, Tourism; Facility

.........

Abstract: The category "Negation‟ is universal. Though universal, its operation varies in different languages. In the Igbo language, it is a rich morpho-syntactic process and equally varies from one dialect of Igbo to another. Adopting a descriptive frame work, the researcher, observes the operation of the category "NEG‟ in the Ekwulobia Igbo in relation to standard Igbo and other Igboid lects, where necessary. It is observed that the tonal behaviour of negation in Ekwulobia, is quite same with that of the standard Igbo. The difference is observed in the negation marking suffix. In the Ekwulobia Igbo, the standard form of negation is the suffixation of the negation marking suffix "-hv‟ (where v harmonizes strictly to the vowel of the verb root) and the harmonizing open vowel prefix "a-/e-‟ when the accompanying......

Key Terms: Ekwulobia Igbo,Standard Igbo, Negation

[1]. Anyanwu.O. 2007. Languages of Nigeria in Basic linguistics for Nigerian teachers. Ore Yusuf (ed) LAN in collaboration with Port Harcourt: M & J Grand Orbit Communications Ltd and Emhai Press. pg. 27
[2]. Bond, O. 2006. Negative strategies in Eleme. A seminar paper presented at the endangered languages academic programme, SAOS.
[3]. Bond, O. 2007. Towards a canon for negation. A paper presented at the conference on language documentation and linguistics theory, SAOS.
[4]. Crystal. D. 2003. Adictionary of linguistics and phonetics (5th edition). Oxford: Blackwell.
[5]. Cruz Díaz N.P and M.J. Maña López 2019. Negation and speculation detection. In Ruslan Mitscov (ed.): Natural Language Processing. Volume 13. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company.

Abstract: Since several years, Ivory Coast knowledge from is structures which supporting cocoa farmers ensure the growth of its cocoa production, conferring him the first place of world cocoa producer. So, the world demand of cocoa product increases every year. Today, several factors annoyedcocoa products, like child labor for the production in cocoa plantation, the climate change, deforestation, etc. To solve these problems, many certifications labels which hold sustainable production appear. The standards of certification follow two objectives. They would like to assure..........

[1]. BRUNEL Sylvie, Le développement durable, Que Sais-je ? PUF, France, 2012, 128 p.

[2]. DUBOIS Jean-Luc et MAHIEU François-Régis, La dimension sociale du développement durable : réduction de la pauvreté ou durabilité sociale ? Développement durable ? Doctrines, pratiques, évaluations, Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN), France, 2002, pp. 73-94.

[3]. AMONDJI Marcel, Félix Houphouët et la Côte-d'Ivoire : l'envers d'une légende, Karthala, France, 1984, 591 p.

[4]. MALON Claude, Le Havre colonial de 1880 à 1960, Presses Universitaires de Caen, 2006, 674 p.

[5]. CHALEARD Jean-Louis. Temps des villes, temps des vivres : l'essor du vivrier marchand en Côte d'Ivoire. KARTHALA Editions, collection Hommes et sociétés, Paris, France, 1996, 662 p

Abstract: Scheduled Tribes (STs) are indigenous, have their own distinctive culture, geographically isolated and are low in socio-economic conditions. For centuries, the tribal groups have remained outside the area of the general development process due to their habitation in forests and hilly tracts. After independence, Government of India has scheduled the tribal groups in the Constitution and provided special necessities for their welfare and development. In India, Tribal constitute 8.61% of the total population numbering 104.28 million (2011 Census) and cover about 15% of the country's area. There are about 654 ST communities across the States and 75 of the STs are most backward and are termed as Primitive Tribal Groups.Thirty six (36) STs have been notified in Tamilnadu by the Scheduled.........

[1]. Bhagat Deepak, Borah Sagarika, (2011), "Impact of MGNREGA on Agricultural Employment Pattern in West Garo Hills of Meghalaya", Agricultural Economics Research Review, Volume: 24, Issue: conf, P: 558
[2]. Haque, T., (2011) "Socio-economic Impact of Implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in India", Social Change, 41(3) 445–471, SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore
[3]. Jha Rewati Raman, (2011), "Impact of MGNREGA on Wage Employment and Income Generation: A Case Study of Darbhanga District in Bihar", Agricultural Economics Research Review, Volume: 24, Issue: conf, P: 557
[4]. Murthy P.S., et al., (2011), "Impacts and Implications of MGNREGA on Labour Supply and Income Generation for Agriculture in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka", Agricultural Economics Research Review, Volume: 24, Issue: conf, Pp: 485-494
[5]. Sarkar Prattoy, Kumar Jagdish, and Supriya, (2011), "Impact of MGNREGA on Reducing Rural Poverty and Improving Socio-economic Status of Rural Poor: A Study in Burdwan District of West Bengal", Agricultural Economics Research Review, Volume: 24, Issue: conf, Pp: 437-448

Abstract: A study on "Participation of Tribal Women in Agriculture in Nilgiris district" was undertaken in one blocks of Thiruchikadi village with 100 respondents to find out the participation of tribal women in different farm operation. The present study aims to analyze the constraints faced by farm tribal women in participation of agriculture operation and developmental programmes for their livelihood security and seek solution to overcome the constraints. They undertake various activities in agriculture such as field preparation, intercultural practices, weeding and harvesting etc. Rural women the most important work force in the economy. Agriculture sector employs 4/5th of all economically active women in the country. In India's 48 per cent of self-employed farmers are women. Farm women are found.......

Key Words: Tribal farm women, Decision making, Agriculture operation, Development programmes

[1]. Reddy, M and Gidda, R (2003) "Farming Performance of Farm Women", Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, P.115.
[2]. Nisha, N (2008) "Women Labour in Agriculture- An Economic Analysis", M.Sc (Thesis), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad,P. 45.
[3]. Amin, H.,Ali, T.,Ahmad, M andIqbal, M. Z (2009) "Participation Level of Rural Women in Agricultural Activities" , Pakistan Journal Agricultural Science, Vol. 46(4), Pp. 294-300.
[4]. Lal, R., and Khurana, A. (2011) "Gender Issues: The Role of Women in Agriculture Sector", International Journal of Business Economics & Management Research Vol.1 (1):29.
[5]. Singotiya, Pratiksha, et al, (2014) "Role of tribal farm women in decision making towards agricultural operations", Adv. Res. J. Vol. 5 (2) Pp 242-244

Abstract: E-waste has been identified as the fastest growing waste stream in the world at present. Rapid socio-economic development and technological advancement are the main drivers of this trend. The hazardous chemical components of e-waste have potential adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health if not managed properly. This represents an imminent challenge to achieving sustainable development goals. Although technologically developed countries are the main source of e-product production and e-waste generation, the generated volume has also been increasing in developing countries and those in transition due to transport and transfer from e-waste source countries. Consequently, developing countries are in a vulnerable situation due to their lack of inventory data, waste management policies and advanced technology for environmentally sound management..

Keywords: Development, Developing countries, E-waste, Environment

[1]. http://wpmu.mah.se/nmict182group1/e-waste-a-threat-to-sustainable-development/
[2]. norom, I.C; Osibanjo, O. (2008): Overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management practices and legislations, and their poor applications in the developing countries Resources Conservation and recycling 52:843-858. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.01.004. Available Online at www.sciencedirect.com
[3]. Ayres, Robert U (1989), "Industrial metabolism," InTechnology and Environment,Pp. 23-49, Washington, DC: National Academy Press
[4]. Khetriwal, Deepali Sinha, Philipp Kraeuchi, and Rolf Widmer (2009), "Producer responsibility for e-waste management: key issues for consideration–learning from the Swiss experience", Journal of Environmental Management, 90(1), 153-165.
[5]. Ministry of Environment and Forest (2008), "Guidelines for Environmentally Sound Management of E-Waste", (accessed on: July 2, 2016), [available at http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/guidelines-e-waste.pdf ]

Abstract: It is open to no doubt that the German philosopher Immanuel Kan, was one of the widely known figures in the history of Western philosophy. The basic reason for his popularity is not far-fetched, he was the philosophers that somewhat resolved the great epistemological debate between the rationalist and the empiricist schools of thought. In this work, we will show that the rationalist school of thought argued extensively that the paradigmatic source of human knowledge is reason while its empiricist counterpart argued to the contrary. According to the empiricist, the basic criterion of human knowledge is sense experience We shall conclude with Immanuel Kant novel idea that has been paralleled by some scholars with the copernical Revolution in the realm of sciences. The paper is in support of the philosophical views of Immanuel Kant on the knowing process

Keywords: Empiricism, Rationalism, Philosophy, Knowledge, Paradigmatically

[1]. Alfred Weber, The Philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Trans Frank: New York, 1908, P. 2
[2]. William. H. werkmeister, ""KANT, IMMANUEL (1724 – 1804) ""In the Encyclopedia Americana, Vol. 18, by Groiler Incorporated, 1997, p. 208
[3]. Ibid.
[4]. L.W Beck. Early German Philosophy: Kant and his predecessors, (Cambridge Mass: Belkanap Press of Harvard University Press 1969)p. 105
[5]. Op. Cit p. 300.

Abstract: Although several attempts were made to control malaria, it is still the leading cause of human mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia. The interpretation of the tie between the spatial landscape dynamics and malaria risk zone and its synchrony to the incidences has great importance in planning the interventions measures to control the spontaneous breakout of the pandemic. The study area, Sidama zone, which extends from the floor of the Great Rift Valley to the south east highlands of Ethiopia, is used to characterize the interpretation of the biophysical environment with malaria risk zoning. GIS and remote sensing technology were applied as a toolkit to manipulate and analyze the given variables for prioritizing areas of intervention to control the pandemic. According to this study more than half of the study area is depicted out as malaria inflicted area, and the high risk zones are........

Keywords: Biophysical environment, Malaria risk zoning, Incidence, GIS, Ethiopia

[1]. FMOH (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health), 2010. NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR MAL ARIA PREVENTION CONTROL AND ELIMINATION IN ETHIOPIA 2011-2015. . Addis Ababa: FMOH.
[2]. WHO (World Health Organization), 2013. World Malaria Report 2013. Geneva: WHO.
[3]. WHO (World Health Organization), 2007,EMRO Technical Publications Series 33, Guidelines on the elimination of residual foci of malaria transmission. Geneva: WHO.
[4]. Wakgari Deressa Shelleme Chibsa Dereje Olana. (2004). The Distribution and Magnitude of Malaria in Oromia, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Deve , 164-170.
[5]. Alemayehu Lemessa. (2011). GIS and Remote Sensing Based Malaria Risk Mapping in Fentale Wereda, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University, School of Graduate Studies, College of Natural Science , school of Earth and Planetary Sciences GIS , Addis Ababa