iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-Aug 2014

Abstract: Concrete is a basic material used for almost all the engineering projects. Concrete is a composite material, amalgamation of water, cement and aggregates. The concrete comprises of many influential building variables, such as the water/cement ratio, aggregate type and size, humidity and type of cement used in the process. Improper mixing, errors in preparation, excess of admixtures, inadequate workability, honeycombing are some of the major drawbacks of concrete while constructing a concrete structure. All these factors directly affect the quality of concrete and the compressive strength of the concrete. We find it always necessary to detect such trouble causing elements in the structure and to rectify them for long life of concrete structure. UPV test is one of the major tests practiced in order to assess the condition of a structure.

[1]. Mineless, S. and Young, J.f. (1981), "Concrete", Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp.521-532.
[2]. Indian standard code 13311 (1992) for non-destructive testing Part – 1 Ultrasonic pulse velocity test.
[3]. CONCRETO: Ensino, Pesquisa e Realizações. Organização: G. C. Isaia. São Paulo:IBRACON, 2005. pp 1109.
[4]. ASNT, "Introduction to Nondestructive Testing". The American Society forNondestructive Testing. http://www.asnt.org/, 2006.
[5]. BRAY, D. E., STANLEY, R. K., Nondestructive Evaluation – A Tool in Design,Manufacturing, and Service. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc., 1997.
[6]. Nogueira, C. L., "Análise Ultra-Sônica da Distribuição dos Agregados no Concretoatravés de Wavelets", Proceedings of the XXI Congresso Nacional de Ensaios nãoDestrutivos, ABENDE (Eds.), 2002.

Abstract: The separation of course particles, big lumps or unwanted materials or impurities from grams (millets, rice, Soya beans, maize, dehydrated cassava etc) has always been a serious problem as it goes with massive/tremendous stress when done manually. This study is intended to case the stress involved in sieving grated dehydrated cassava using an electric motor as a source of power. This work uses the principle of slider crank mechanism which converts rotary motion of the pulleys to the reciprocating (sliding) movement of the sieving tray. The machine was tested and confirmed to have an output capacity of 100.59kg/hr and an efficiency of 75.7%, which makes it very adequate and capable for mass production.

Keywords: Reciprocating, Cassava, Sieving Machine

[1]. Khurmi, R.S & Gupta, J.K (2008). A Textbook of Machine design (14th edition) New Delhi; Eurasia Publishing House, (chapter 14).
[2]. Onwuala, A.P, Akubuo, C.O & Ahaneku, I.F (2006) Fundamental of Engineering in Agriculture (1st edition) Lagos immaculate Publication Ltd.
[3]. Shigley, J.F & Mischke, C.R (2001) Mechanical Engineering design (1st edition) New York: McGraw-Hill Book of company, 1248 Pp.
[4]. Eugene, A.A, Theodore B (1996) Mechanical Engineering Research Publication, McGraw-Hill.
[5]. Yerxa, E.J Taylor and Francis "Occupational Science; a New Source of Power for participants in Occupational Theorapy"-Journal of Occupational Science ISSN 1442-5791 Volume: 13, Issue 1, April 1993 Pp154- 259.

Abstract: The purpose of this project was to carry out an experimental investigation on the performance of a laboratory screw jack in order to ascertain the force ratio (Mechanical Advantage), Velocity Ratio and Mechanical Efficiency of the machines at different loads. The experiment was done at different loads of; 450N, 400N, 350N, 300N, 250N, 200N, 150N, 100N and the Mechanical Advantage, Velocity Ratio and Mechanical Efficiency were calculated for true and approximate values and graphical relationships were established between efficiency and load, effort and load, effort against load using micro soft excel.

[1]. Ivan Sunit Rout, Dipti Ranjan Patra, Sidhartha Sankar Padhi, Jitendra Narayan Biswal, Turshar Kanti Panda, Design and Fabrication of motorized automated Object lifting Jack, International Organization of Scientific Research Journal of Engineering, Vol.04,Issue 05 (May.2014)PP 06-12
[2]. A.S Akinwonmi and A. Mohammed, Modification of Existing Design of a Car Jack, Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(4), 2012, 581-588
[3]. M.M. Noor, K. Kadirgama and M.M Rahman, Analysis of Auto Car Jack, National Conference in Mechanical Engineering Reseach and Postgraduate Students FKM Conference Hall, UMP, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, 26-27 May 2010, 198-203
[4]. P.S. Rana, P.H Belge, N.A. Nagrare, C.A. Padwad, P.R Daga, K.B Deshbhratar and N.K Mandavgade,European Journal of Applied Engineering and Scientific Research, 1(4),2012, 167-172
[5]. Fedinand, B,(2008): Vector Mechanics for Engineers, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Limited New Delhi, Stata

Abstract: In this paper, temperature inside the car is maintained by introducingphase change material which is able to bring comfort for human. Nowadays to bring human comfort in car, air conditioning is used but the problem behind the usage will raise the fuel consumption and causes Environmental problem. To overcome this problems a renewable source of material (phase change material) is used to sustain the comfort condition inside the car. The phase change material is a substance which absorbs the heat and melts to change its phase and delivers thelatent heat. In this paper polyethylene glycol is used as a phase change material to bring the human comfort zone inside the car.

[1]. "Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications", Belen Zalba, Jose Marin, Luisa F, Cabeza,HaraldMehling. (11 October 2002).
[2]. "Review of Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage Applications",Prabhu P.A, Shinde N, Prof.Patil P.S. (IJERA Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-Jun 12).
[3]. Sukhatme S.P., "Solar-Energy-Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1996.
[4]. "Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications", Atul Sharma, V.V. Tyagi, C.R. Chen, D. Buddhi. (9 October 2007).
[5]. K.Nagano, S.Takeda, T.Mochida, K.Shimakura, T.Nakdamura, "Study of a Floor Supply Air Conditioning System using Granular Phase Change Material to Augment Building Mass Thermal Storage – Heat Response in Small Scale Experiment", Energy and Buildings, Vol 36, pgs 436 – 446.

Abstract: In many manufacturing industries light weight components are produced using aluminium composite materials.But they lack good machinability and possess poor mechanical strength. In this paper , we are presenting the fabrication of Al6061 alloy composite with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by Stir casting process techniques. In this experiment Al6061 alloy as a matrix and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as reinforcement for metal matrix composites to investigate the mechanical properties of the fabricate Composite. The amount of materials are calculated by the materials were properly mixed using mass and volume fraction formula. The Sample is prepared for one composition (i.e., 1wt %) investigation on microstructure, using optical microscope and SEM were done. The strength and machinability were also calculated.

[1]. S. R. Malik, M. A. Maqbool,S. Hussain, H. Irfan ―carbon Nano-tubes:Description,Properties and Applications‖ J Pak Mater Soc 2008; 2 (1).
[2]. Kazuyoshi Tanaka al,Tohru Sato, TokioYamabe ,TVK, enjiOkahara , Kunio Uchida ‗MotooYumura , Hiroyuki Niino , Satoshi Ohshima , YasunoriKuriki,KiyoshiYase , FumikazuIkazaki ― Electronic properties of carbon nanotube‖ Chemical Physics Letters 223 (1994) 65-68.
[3]. G. Overney, W. Zhong, D. Tom/mek ―Structural rigidity and low frequency vibrational modes of long carbon tubules‖ Z. Phys. D 27, 93-96 (1993).
[4]. Zhe Zhang and Charles M. Lieber ―Nanotube structure and electronic properties probed by scanningtunnelingmicroscop‖
[5]. Rodney s.Ruoff and Donald C. Lorents― Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Carbon nano tubes‖ Carbon, Vol. 33, No. 7, pp. 925-930, 1995.
[6]. Kiang , M.S. Dresselhaus , R. Beyers , D.S. Bethune ―Vapor-phase self-assembly of carbon nanomaterials‖ Chemical Physics Letters 259 (1996) 41-47C.-H.

Abstract: Grinding process is surface finishing process generally used to smoothen the surfaces by removing the limited quantity of material from the already machined surfaces. Cylindrical grinding or abrasive machining is the most popular machining process of removing metal from a work piece surface in the form of tiny chips by the action of irregularly shaped abrasive particles. In the present study, Taguchi method or Design of experiments has been used to optimize the effect of cylindrical grinding parameters such as wheel speed (rpm), work speed, feed (mm/min.), depth of cut and cutting fluid on the Material Removal Rate of EN15AM steel. Material removal rate measurements were carried out during the machining process on the work piece. EN15AM steel is generally known as free cutting steel and consists of higher machinability.

[1] Rogelio L. Hecker, Steven Y.Liang "Predictive modeling of surface roughness in grinding" International journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 43(2003) 755-761
[2] M. Kiyak, O. Cakir, E. Altan "A study on surface roughness in External cylindrical grinding" 12th scientific conference achievements in mechanical and materials engineering (AAME 2003)
[3] Jeremiah A. Couey, Eric R. Marsh, Byron R. Knapp "monitoring forces in precision cylindrical grinding" Precision engineering, The Pennsylvania state university, 21 Reber Building, university park, PA 16802, USA
[4] H. Saglam, F.Unsacar, S. Yaldiz " An experimental investigation as to the effect of cutting parameters on roundness error and surface roughness in cylindrical grinding" International journal of Production research vol. 43, No.11,2005,2309-2322
[5] G. F. Li, L.S.Wang, L.B.Yang" Multi parameter optimization and control of the cylindrical grinding process" Journal of material processing technology 129(2002) 232-236.
[6] Pawan Kumar, Anish Kumar, Balinder Singh " Optimization of process parameters in surface grinding using response surface methodology" IJRMET Vol.3, issue 2,May- Oct 2013

Abstract: As a manufacturing tool, the use of multi-axis machines is increasing rapidly. Nowadays, the Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM) is a non-traditional method that offers a productive alternative to conventional techniques. Material removal occurs through erosion and results from the interaction between an abrasive material and given specimen. It is environment friendly and can machine any type of material almost up to depth over 100 mm. It is a non-conventional method used in industries, having wide range of applications from automotive and aerospace to medical and food industries. To vanish the tolerances, it is an attractive micro-machining method which uses different operations like cutting, polishing and deburring. In this present study, information of material, advantages, limitations, applications, characteristics and observations of AWJM are configured properly and equipped in definite manner. Keywords: Abrasive, AWJM, Erosion, Manufacturing tool, Micro-machining.

[1]. M. Chithirai Pon Selvan and Dr. N. Mohana Sundara Raju. "Review of the Current State of Research and Development in Abrasive Waterjet Cutting Technology", International Journal of Advanced Engineering Sciences and Technologies, Vol. No. 11, Issue No. 2267-275.
[2]. Janet Folkes. "Water jet- An innovative tool for manufacturing", Journal of Materials Processing Technology.
[3]. D. S. Miller. "Micromachining with Abrasive Water Jets".
[4]. Tino Volpe. "Cutting Precious metals with Abrasive Waterjet", Tiffany & Co.
[5]. M. Gent, M. Menendez, S. Torno, J. Torano and A. Schenk. "Experimental evaluation of the physical properties required of abrasive for optimizing waterjet cutting of Ductile materials", Wear 284- 285 (2012) 43-51.

Abstract: River sand and cement stabilization of Orukim residual soils were essentially designed to improve the engineering properties and to ascertain structural behaviour on engineering applications.The major goal of treating a residual soil is to increase the shear strength and loading capacity. The laboratory stabilization experiments involved four different soil samples from four distinct borrow pits. River sand content varied from 10% to70% and complemented by residual soil which content varied from 90% to 30% respectively. CBR results obtained ranged from 66% to 90%.Conversely cement content utilizedranged from 2% to 10% and the residual soil content varied from 98% to 90% respectively.

[1]. Thurairajah, A., Silver, S. and Loganathan, N. [1992] "Strength Correlation Factor for Residual Soil. J. GeotechniqueEngrg., Vol.118, issue 4, pp 593-610
[2]. Al-Aghbari, M.Y. and Dutta, R.K. [2005] Suitability of Desert Sand Cement Mixes for Base Courses in Highway Pavements. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 10, 2005, Bundle D.
[3]. Van Impe, W. F. [1989] "Soil Improvement Techniques and Their Evolution." Balkema Mech. and Found. Engrg.67-71, Switzerland.
[4]. Little, D.N. [1995] "Stabilization of Pavement Sub-grades and base courses with Lime" Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
[5]. Huat, B.B. (2006) Effect of Cement Admixtures on the Engineering Properties of Tropical Peat Soils. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineers.Vol.11, 2006.
[6]. Janz, M. and Johansson, S.E. [2002] "The Function of Different Binding Agents in Deep Stabilization" Swedish Deep Stabilization Research Centre, Linkoping S.G.1.9.

Abstract: This paper presents the experimental determination of dynamic characteristics of a vibration-driven robot. The mechanical system consists of a shaker and a chassis. The latter is mounted on wheels furnished with one-way bearings build into the wheels hubs. The robot is propelled by the resonance vibrations created by the shaker's rotating masses, which generate propulsive impulses transmitted to the chassis. The latter were modified by the one-way bearings to unidirectional impulses thus creating a forward motion. By measuring and analyzing the accelerations of free damped oscillations of the propulsion system, when the chassis is fixed, the mechanical parameters such as spring constant, natural frequency and the damping factor were obtained. Moreover the resonance vibrations created by the shaker and the forced oscillations imposed to the chassis were recorded when the robot is moving unloaded.

[1]. Loukanov I. A., Vibration Propulsion of a Mobile Robot. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 12, Issue 2 Version II, 2015, pp. 23-33, www.iosrjournals.org
[2]. Loukanov I. A., Application of Inertial Forces for generating Unidirectional Motion, Proceedings of the Scientific Conference of University of Ruse, Vol. 53, Series 2, 2014, (НАУЧНИ ТРУДОВЕ НА РУСЕНСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ - 2014, Tом 53, Cерия 2).
[3]. Goncharevich I. F., Vibrations – A Non Standard Approach. (Academy of Science of USSR Publishing House Nauka, 1986, Moscow, 204 pages, in Russian).
[4]. Chernousko F.L., About the motion of a body containing internal moving mass. // (Conference Paper published by the Russian Academy of Science, Vol. 405, №1, p. 1-5, 2005, in Russian).
[5]. Lupehina, I.V., A study of a Mobile Vibration System, moving with a Breakaway from the surface. Journal of Computer and System Sciences International, Vol. 50, No. 2, 2011, pp.336-347

Abstract: In this study, equilibrium configurations of a cantilever beam subjected to an end load with angle of inclination is investigated. It is shown analytically that if the beam is sufficiently flexible, there are multiple equilibrium solutions for a specific beam and loading condition. A method is also presented for the determination of these deflected configurations. The cantilever beam studied in this research is considered to be initially straight andprismatic in addition to being homogeneous, elastic, and isotropic. The procedure outlined in this paper is utilized to show that for each combination of load and beam parameters, there is certain number of equilibrium configurations for a cantilever beam.

[1]. Arabic code for design and construction of concrete structure 2012.
[2]. ACI (318-83) Building Code Requirements for Reinforced concrete.
[3]. Frank Lloyd Wright preserving significance an Architect, his Innovation, and achieving the organic.
[4]. Mashhour Ahmed Gohneim, design of reinforced concrete structures (volume 1) professor of concrete structures Cairo University. Torsion CB110 and ACI318 codes compared.