IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep-2015

Abstract:This paper sets out to study the phenomena of taboo across Nigerian/African cultures as evident in selected Nigerian/African literary texts with a view to exploring:
(i) The relationship between a culture's taboo and that culture's belief system.
(ii) The similarities and differences of taboo across cultures, and
(iii) The implication of globalization in the collapse of traditional taboo, and the adaptation of foreign or new ones.
The paper concludes that, taboos reflect the world view, belief, social realities, ecological and economic conditions of a culture as noted in the literary texts examined.

[1]. Abubakar, Hajara Sadiq 2001: The Favourite Wife, Kaduna: Informant Publishers
[2]. Achebe, Chinua, 1984: Things Fall Apart, London. Heinemann Educational Books.
[3]. ________________ 1982 Arrow of God, London. Heinemann Educational Books.
[4]. ________________ 1987 Anthills of the Savannah, London. Heinemann Educational Books.
[5]. ________________ 1984 No Longer at Ease, London. Heinemann Educational Books.
[6]. Ba, Mariama 1989 So Long a Letter (trans), London: Heinemann Educational Books.

Abstract: Schools in Nigeria, have for long functioned as if they are separate institution rather than an integral part of the host community which deprive them access to surplus available resources in the host community to improve their instruction. Most of the available instructional strategies employed by teachers in implementation of Social Studies curriculum content unfortunately, separate schools from the realities of their own communities. Against this background, this study set to determine the impact of community-based instructional strategy to implementation of Social Studies curriculum in secondary schools. Three purpose of the study and three research questions were formulated that guided the study. The design of this study was descriptive survey research design.

[1]. Ali, A. (1996), Fundamental Research in Education. Awka: Meks Publishers Bozimo, G. and Ikwumelu, S. N. (2008). Issues in Social Studies Education. Owerri: Whyte and Whyte Publishers.
[2]. Byford, J. and Russell, W. (2006). Analyzing Public Issues-Clarification through Discussion: A Case study of Social studies Teachers. Social studies Review, 46(1), 70-72
[3]. Chiodo, J. and Byford, J. (2006). Do they really dislike Social studies? A Study of middle school and high school students. Journal of Social studies Research, 28(1), 16-26. [4]. Certo, n., Haring, n., & York, R.I, 1984). Public School Integration of Severely Handicapped Students. 'Balitimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company.
[5]. Ellis, A., Fouts, J. and Glenn, A. (1992). Teaching and Learning Social studies. NewYork: Harper-collins press

Abstract: The object of consumers' protection law is the advancement of consumers' interest in theunequalrelationshipthat exists betweenconsumers andbusinesses. Consumersofhospitality services in Nigeria who are victims ofdefective goods or deficient services offered to them have a serious hurdle tocross before they can successfullyclaim againstthe serviceproviders. The existence of a contractwith thehoteliersis adeterminant ofwhether Nigerian legislation provides protectionfor the consumers or not.

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Abstract: The idea of a nation-state was completely new for the African people when it was introduced to them by the European colonial rulers. Before the colonial incursion, Africa was divided into small ethnic and tribal groups which were run by indigenous administrative order. The scramble of Africa into different nations irrespective of ethnic identities compelled the African people to come under a structure called the nation. While they failed to grasp an entirely new system of administration, they preferred to stick to their respective ethnic identities even after years of its introduction. The ethnic factor remained prominent even after independence of African countries.

[1]. Miller, Joseph C. New Encyclopedia of Africa. Vol. 2. London: Thompson Gale, 2008.
[2]. Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. USA: Pluto Press, 1993.
[3]. — — — . ―Ethnicity versus Nationalism‖. Journal of Peace Research. Vol.28. No. 3 (1991): pp. 263-278.
[4]. Andersen, Benedict. Imagined Communities. London: Verso, 2006.
[5]. Emerson, Rupert. ―Crucial Problems involved in Nation-building in Africa.‖ The Journal of Negro Education. Vol. 30. No. 3 (1961): pp. 193-205.
[6]. Vail, Leroy. ―Introduction: Ethnicity in Southern African History.‖ The Creation of Tribalism in Southern Africa. Ed. Leroy Vail. Oxford: University of California Press, 1989. pp. 1-18.

Abstract: A study on general and clothing values of joint and nuclear family was carried out. Four hundred and sixty six respondents were selected from urban and rural area of Haryana for the study.An association was found between general values and type of family of subjects i.e. joint or nuclear. Similarly values related to clothing were dependent on type of family to which individual belonged.

Keywords: General values; clothing values; joint family; nuclear family

[1]. P.R. Alexander. Textile Products: Selection, Use & Care. Bostan: Houghton Mifftlin Company, 1977, pp
[2]. M.J. Horn. The Second Skin: An interdisciplinary study of clothing. Boston :Houghton Mifflin Co. , 1970, pp
[3]. M. J. Horn. A Summary of Second Skin, Social Psychological Aspect of Clothing. Harare: University of Zimbabwe. 1990
[4]. M.J. Horn and L.M. Gurel, The Second Skin. (3rded.) 1982
[5]. R. Jain, R.S. Singh, K. Rankawat, "General Values and clothing behaviour of college going students". Studies in Home and Community Sciences, vol 5, pp.13-20, 2011.
[6]. M. Kefgen and S.T. Phyllis. Individuality in Clothing Selection and Personal Appearance: A guide for the consumer. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. , 1971.

Abstract: In this chapter i.e. "principles of actions" we have deliberated various principles of normative theories keeping in view of their principles of actions. We have also unraveled the modus operandi of each of these normative theories consisting of a single principle that too giving rise to individual values which entail non-moral action.

[1]. Foot, Philippa ; Theories of Ethics, Ch. I, P. 9, Oxford University Press
[2]. Maclagan, W.G. ; The Theological Fronties of Ethics, Chap. II, PP. 73-75, Allied Publishers Ltd, New Delhi
[3]. Shina, J ; Manual Of Ethics, Ch. VIII, P. 71-72, New Central Book Agency, Delhi
[4]. Scheffler, Samuel ; Consequentalism and its Critics,Ch. Vii, P.142, Oxford University Press
[5]. Shina, J; Manual of Ethics, Ch.XXIII, P.244, New Central Book Agency, Delhi
[6]. Slote, Michael and Crisp Roger; Virtue Ethics, Ch.VI, P.121, Oxford University Press

Abstract: University and other public organizations adopt the use of Committee system as a strategy to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, fairness and transparency in the discharge of responsibilities. In spite of such, several organizational leaders and indeed some vice-chancellors do throw away some of these checking mechanisms out of the popular demand due to personal interest. Consequent upon that, most of the University Senate and other statutory functions in the universities were overtaken by some power drunk vice-chancellors who call meetings only to give credibility to already taken decisions. In conducting this research work, the author primarily make use of primary, secondary data and personal observations. While, ANOVA one way variation analysis was adopted using random sampling techniques cutting across three thousand two hundred (3200) members of staff in the university.

[1]. Abubakar, A. D (1983). Effective leadership and public accountability in the civil service". A paper presented at the workshop for honorable commissioners, directors. Lagos
[2]. Abubakar, Y. (1989). Nigerian since independence". The first 25 years vol.111.heninemann educational books. Ibadan, p.21
[3]. Adegbite, J. G. O (2007). Administering and managing universities. Mosuro Nerves, Ibadan. P.8
[4]. Ademolekun, l (1985). The Funding of the Second Republic". Ibadan, spectrum books pp-113-115
[5]. Aminu, J. (1983).Twenty Years of University Education in Nigeria: The Factor of Centralization in Two Decades of the Nigerian University Development'; A paper presented at the N.U.C Lagos .pp1-12
[6]. Daudu P. (1986). Committee versus centralized system of managing Higher institution: A choice between participation and efficiency, (Unpublished paper)

Abstract: Kerala, also known as Gods own Country, is a state in the South West region of India. The state was formed on November 1956 by combining various Malayalam speaking regions. From the early days Kerala is famous for trade, particularly for spices which attracted traders from different parts of the world. As per Sumerian records Kerala is referred as the 'Garden of spices' or 'The spice garden of India'. The state has attracted Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Arabs, Greeks and Romans. Merchants from West Asia and Southern Europe established coastal ports and settlements in Kerala.

[1]. Achuthamenon, C., The Cochin State Manual, State Editor, Gazetteers Department, Trivandrum, 1911.
[2]. Aiya, Nagam. V., The Travancore State Manual, Vols. I and II, Travancore Government Press, Trivandrum, 1906.
[3]. P.J., Perspectives on Kerala History, Kerala Gazetteers, Government of Kerala, 1999.
[4]. Crown Representative Records (CRR), 1891, 1901, 1924-1946, National Archives of India.
[5]. Menon, Sreedhara. A., Cultural Heritage of Kerala, D.C. Books, Kottayam, 1978.
[6]. Menon, Sreedhara. A., Kerala and Freedom Struggle, D.C. Books Kottayam, 1997.

Abstract: The existence and enormous potentials of the state as a force for good or evil have prompted philosophic reflections, from the earliest of times, on its origin and nature, and on how it can be better organised to serve the interests of its humanity. From Socrates to Plato, and down to contemporary times, the content of the exploration has remained almost the same, with variations only seen in the nature and manner of the investigations. However, Aristotle continues to stand out as unique in that he laid the foundation for scientific contemplations in political thought. Any wonder then why his writings remained so influential throughout the Middle Ages and up to the present day.

[1] R. S. Brumbaugh, Aristotle, Encarta encyclopedia cd-rom, (Remond WA, Microsoft Corporation, 2009).

[2] E. C. Ndu, Ancient and medieval political theory: an introduction (Owerri, Springfield Publishers, 1998).

[3] E. Hamilton, The Greek way. (New York: W.W.Norton, 1964)

[4] I. C. Onyewuenyi, The African origin of Greek philosophy: an exercise in Afrocentrism (Nsukka, University of Nigeria Press)

[5] M. Biereenu-Nnabugwu, Africa in the march of civilization (Enugu, CERPHAHD Publication, 2005).

[6] M. Biereenu-Nnabugwu, Reflection on the thought-content and practices of Socrates, UZU Journal of History and International Studies, 1 (1), 2007, 77 - 95

Abstract: In Igbo society as in many others, language plays a fundamental role in the formation of human character and child upbringing. It transmits societal norms and values from one generation to another by inculcating into the child the mores of his society. Proverb is one of the transmission processes examined in this paper as a viable means to deterring conflict prone vices in the Igbo child. Igbo proverbs are precise and incisive and if appropriately applied to the intellectual and moral developments of a child can serve as tool to reprimand, discourage, instruct and correct or praise the growing child's derailing tendencies more intricately. The work which is divided into five sections comprises the introduction, the literature review, methodology, data and analysis, recommendations and conclusion.

[1]. Adeniyi,A.(1999) Basic features of language.In A. Ayodele &H.Adeniyi (Eds.) Lagos:Harade Publishers.

[2]. Alilonu,H. (2009) Dualism as an ontological reality in Igbo world view.In Journal of IgboLanguage &Linguistics (JILL). Vol.1

[3]. Nsukka: National Association of Igbo language Teachers. [4]. Amason,A&Sapienza,J.(1997)The Effects of Top Management Team Size and Interaction: Norms on Cognitive and Affective Conflict. Journal of Management 23(4), May 6, 2015

[5]. Ayodele,A. (1999)Language in use: Discourse analysis.In Language and Communication. [6]. Ayodele & H. Adeniyi(Eds.) Lagos: Harade Publishers.

[7]. Baron, A. (1990) Psychology in organizations: Integrating Science and Practice. In K. Murphy (ed.) Psychology Press. PP. 197-216.retieved October 11,2012.

Abstract: This paper critically examined the relevant provisions of the Nigerian Companies and Allied Matter Act, 2004 relating to company members meetings. It identified some provisions of the Act that undermined the participation of members in the administration and management of incorporated companies. As a way out, some of the advantages presented by the emerging information technology were explored and it was recognized that the use of such tools has the potential to expedite corporate action which could increase the effectiveness of members' rights to participate in the affairs of the company, thereby improve the standard of corporate governance. As a result, suggestions were made for some amendments in the Act with a view to embrace and facilitate the use by corporations of the current electronic forms of communication technology.

[1]. Ahmed Abdullahi (1990). The Company in a Changing Environment: Gravitas Review of Business and Property Law, Vol. 3 No. 13 p. 21 at 222
[2]. Bryan v. Western Pac.R Corp. (1994) Ch. 35A 2d909, 913
[3]. Clyburn V. Allstate Ins. Co (1993) D.S.C. 826F. Supp. 955, 956-957
[4]. Companies and Allied Matter Act, Cap. C20, Law of Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2004.
[5]. Elizabeth Boros (1999) The Online Corporation: Electronic Corporate Communication, University of Melbourne.
[6]. Hall V. Trans-Lux Daylight Picture Screen Corp. (1934) Ch. 171 A.
[7]. Nigeria Daily Trust Newspaper, Monday December 31, 2007 p.15

Abstract: When teaching English a teacher may face many problems or barriers. Not all these problems can be removed, but an effort must be put to tackle those problems that can be tackled, and must be dealt with patiently and effectively. By eliminating these barriers there is a more effective communication between the students and the teacher and the teaching becomes more effective. The barriers may be due to the teacher or the student or between the teacher and the student. The barriers faced by the students and between the students and teacher must be dwelled upon and should be tackled with the help of their teacher's. Even the barriers between teachers and students must be worked out patiently.

[1]. Overcoming Patient Language Barriers: Teaching Patients With Low Literacy Skills, Concept Media; UK, 2001
[2]. Lowering Language Barriers: Handbook for Communicating with People Who Have English as an Additional Language, Clare Hobart, Chalmers & Byrne Training Ltd; 2015
[3]. Breaking Barriers to Learning in Primary Schools: An Integrated Approach to Children's Services, Pat Hughes, David Fulton Publishers; 2009
[4]. Breaking Down Barriers: Certificate in Workplace Language, Literacy and Numeracy Training, Fiona Frank, Chris Holland, Jane Caunt Chisholm, Jane Chishom Caunt, National Institute of Adult Continuing Education; 2001
[5]. Women Leading Education across the Continents: Overcoming the Barriers, Elizabeth C. Reilly, Quirin J. Bauer, Helen C. Sobehart, Rowman & Littlefield Education Pub; 2015
[6]. Men Teaching Children 3-11: Dismantling Gender Barriers, Elizabeth Burn, Simon Pratt-Adams Bloomsbury Academic Pub; 2015
[7]. Inclusive Education, Jitender Kumar, Twentyfirst Century Pub; 2013

Abstract: Reconstruction from conflict stricken societies is a complex, demanding task and major challenge for most states as well as the civil society globally. Reconstruction agenda involves building peace and securing political stability, recreating or strengthening the basic functions of the state administration, resettling internally displaced persons, demobilizing combatants, and rebuilding essential economic and social structures. In Kenya, the state and civil society encountered several challenges in the implementation of post conflict reconstruction programs in Kibera and Mathare Slums. The presence of corruption, nepotism, strained relationship between government and civil society, and overwhelming needs hampered the implementation of post conflict reconstruction strategies in Kenya.

[1]. Aapenguo. C.M. (2010). Misinterpreting Ethnic Conflicts in Africa. Africa Center for Strategic Studies, University Press.
[2]. Addison, T. (2003). "From Conflict to Recovery in Africa", United Nations University, London.
[3]. Fisher, S. (2000). Working with Conflict: Skills and Strategies for Action. London: Zed Books.
[4]. Kalin, W. (2006)."The future of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement."Forced Migration Review. Brookings-Bern Special Issue: 5-7.
[5]. Kenya Bureau of Statistics (2009). Accessed from office of the Nairobi Sub County Commissioners, 2014.
[6]. Kenya Red Cross Annual Report & Financial Statements (2009)