IOSR-JHSS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-9 ~ September -2019

Abstract: This paper examined corruption inside the Nigeria Police Force as an ethical relapse that confronts the organization. It provides an overview of the historical incidentals and founding of the Nigeria Police Force as an institution with the accountability of protecting life and property, and maintaining peace and order in the country. The paper categorizes various forms of police misbehavior, such as bribery and extortion, mass arrests and detention, illegal bail charges and dishonesty within the leadership of the police. This deviant behavior has destabilized the integrity of the force, with the result that public perception of the police force is negative and national security and development is weakened. Even withseveral anti-corruption plans that have been devised to curb police misconduct.........

Keywords: Corruption, Nigeria, Police, force

[1]. Adebayo, D. O. (2005). "Gender and attitudes toward professional ethics: A Nigeria police Perspective". African Security Review. 14(2) 34-74.
[2]. Adebayo, P. F. and Ojo, E. O. (2009). "The challenges of effective policing as measure of controlling the phenomenon of police corruption in Nigeria today". International NGO Journal 4(3) 070-075.
[3]. Aluko, Y. (2009). "Corruption in Nigeria: Concept and Dimension". In: Anti-corruption Reforms in Nigeria since 1999: Issues, challenges and the way forward. Ibadan, edited by D. Enweremadu et.al, IFRA. Special Research Issue l(3) 1-8.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between college students' self-esteem, and gender,and theist beliefs. The sample of the study consisted of 204 students studying in college. All participants were Indian residents; however some students are studying in colleges abroad, while some are studying in India. The data was collected through the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale, and a questionnaire created for the study by the researcher. The sample was chosen randomly, and various different religions are represented in the sample. Theism was assessed in a spectrum ranging from 0 to 3. 0 indicated no belief in God, while 3 indicated a very strong belief in God.

[1]. McLeod, S. A. (2012). Low self esteem.Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/self-esteem.html
[2]. Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the Self.
[3]. Ümmet, Durmuş. (2015). Self Esteem among College Students: A Study of Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs and Some Variables. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 174. 1623-1629. 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.813.
[4]. Zayed, Kashef & Jeyaseelan, Lakshmanan & AlAdawi, Samir & Al-Hadabi, Badriya & AL-Busafi, Majid & Al Tauqi, Mansour & Al-rawahi, Nasser & Waly, Mostafa & Thiyabat, Fathi. (2019). Differences Among Self-Esteem in a Nationally Representative Sample of 15-17-Year-Old Omani Adolescents. Journal of Psychology Research. 9. 10.17265/2159-5542/2019.02.003.
[5]. Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does High Self-Esteem Cause Better Performance, Interpersonal Success, Happiness, or Healthier Lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 1–44.

Abstract: The practice of Gross Split and Cost Recovery contracts for oil and gas production sharing results in inconsistency in the concept of oil and gas production sharing contract. This inconsistency will contribute to inability to reach the natural resource management as mandated by the fourth paragraph of the preamble of the 1945 Constitution, related to Article 33, point (3) of the 1945 Constitution, related to Article 1 and 2 of the Agrarian Law, related to Article 4 of oil and gas law, related to Article 25 in point (1) of Government Regulation No 55 of 2009. The regulations for oil and gas production sharing contract which is public and private have not been integrated into one guideline, and thus private............................

Key words – contract, oil and gas production sharing contract, Gross Split and Cost Recovery contracts

[1] HaulaRosdiana, (et.al.), "Indonesia Property Tax Policy on Oil and Gas Upstream Business Activities to Promote National Energy Security: Quo Vadis",JurnalProcedia Environmental Science, Vol.28 2015
[2] SuwardiSagama, "AnalisisKonsepKeadilan, KepastianHukumdanKemanfaatanDalamPengelolaanLingkungan", JurnalMazahib, Vol. 15, No. 1,2016.
[3] MaulanaArba, (et.al.), "PenerapanAsasProporsionalitasDalam Production Sharing Contract PadaKegiatan Usaha PertambanganHuluminyakdan Gas Bumi", JurnalDiponegoro Law Review, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016.
[4] Lalang Tri Utomo, (et.al.), "AspekHukumPenerapanAsasKekuatanMengikatDalamKontrakBagiHasilMinyakdan Gas Bumi di Indonesia," Diponegoro Law Journal Vol. 5, No. 4, 2016.
[5] SanusiBintang, "Daerah SebagaiPihakDalamKontrakPenanaman Modal Internasional (StudiKasusProvinsi Aceh)", JurnalKonstitusi, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2016.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing drug and substance abuse among youth in Lamu County. According to NACADA (2011), about 200,000,000 people worldwide abuse drugs. Despite NACADA's and other groups' interventions, drug abuse is on the increase; with over 30% of youth in Kenya abusing various types of drugs. In the first chapter of this paper, the researchers present an introduction to the study and also a brief explanation of the problem that prompted the study. The specific objectives of the study was; to establish how literacy levels influence drug and substance abuse among the youth, to evaluate the influence of type of employment on drug and substance abuse among the youth. The researcher used descriptive research design because it facilitated the research operation thereby making the research efficient and yielding maximum information with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money.........

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Abstract: Although the world over, there is an emphasis on the need for clarity on local governance procedures and actual practice, in post land reform Zimbabwe there is a contest with regards to the local governance. There is a contest at the institutional level and the practice level. This study sought to explore how local governance systems operate in post-land reform contexts, how such existing local governance architecture impacts on citizen participation in local development. The study revealed that, while the land reform areas fall under the jurisdiction of Rural District Council Act, the continued politicking by the ruling party, resulted in the area falling under the jurisdiction of Traditional Leaders Act. As traditional leaders gear to exercise their authority, local and national elites and authorities also compete to exercise superintendence over these areas. In the end, the citizens are subject to multiple forms of authority.......

Key words: Local Governance; citizen participation; democracy; rural development; rural authority; Marondera; Zimbabwe

[1]. Cameron,D.R. (1974). Toward a Theory of Political Mobilization . The Journal of Politics, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 138-171
[2]. Chatiza,K and Makanza, V. (2017). Impacting Local Democracy Capacity Building of Local Governments in Zimbabwe . RESEARCH REPORT NO 9. Swedish International Centre for Local Democracy (ICLD).
[3]. Chinsinga, B. (2010). Seeds and subsidies: The political economy of input programmes in Malawi. Future Agricultures (Working Paper No. 013). Brighton: University of Sussex.
[4]. Chipato, F., Wang, L., Zuo,T and Mudimu, G.T (forthcoming).The Politics of Youth Struggles for Land in the Post- Land Reform Zimbabwe.
[5]. Chipato,F & Wang,L.(2019). Examining the role of food aid at community level in Zimbabwe: Insights from Masvingo Province. European Journal of Social Studies.Vol.4-2.DOI: 105281/zenodo.2652962

Abstract: This study discuss whether the Delic formula in article 490 Law No. 7 of 2017 on general elections is in accordance with the principles of criminal law. The purpose of this study is to know and analyze the Delic formulation in article 490 of Law No. 7 of 2017 on general elections in accordance with the principles of criminal law. The usability of the research is to provides reliable and detail information to the legislators. This research is normative research. Literature data or document study method is used in analyzing the data used in this study. The results of the research show that the Delic formula in article 490 Law No. 7 year 2017 on general elections is not in accordance with the principles of criminal law, one of which is the principle of legality and criminal law policy. The reason is because the delict formula is not clear, not detailed and the formulation of prohibited acts is ambiguous. Thus, it raises legal uncertainty and prevents success in criminal proceedings.......

Keywords: Election, Principles of criminal law

[1]. Binov Handitya, Peran Sentra Penegakan Hukum Terpadu, Seminar Nasional Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang, 4 (2), 2018.
[2]. Tim Redaksi BIP, Undang-Undang Pemilu 2019 Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum (Jakarta: Bhuana Ilmu Populer, 2018).
[3]. Septa Candra, Perumusan Ketentuan Pidana Dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia, Jurnal Hukum Prioris, 3 (3), 2013
[4]. Hwian Christianto, Pembaharuan Makna Asas Legalitas, Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, 3 (3), Juli 2009
[5]. Roeslan Saleh, Beberapa Asas-asas Hukum Pidana dalam Perspektif (Jakarta: Aksara Baru,1981).

Abstract: Islamic art involves a unique sense of beauty, other than that of the Western art. The artistic elements and the design principles that form a work of art not only continue their existence, but also get shaped within the frame of its own discipline in the art of illumination. The artist puts forth a unique work of art by sticking to these rules. In this study, the equivalents of the artistic elements and design principles, as well as their symbolic meanings, and the manners of application thereof in the art of illumination are assessed on the basis of both past works of art, and contemporary manners of application thereof. It is consequently ascertained that, the effect of depth based on light-shadow as being seen in the Western art is not observed in the art of illumination, the background arrangement is predominant............

[1]. Birol, İ.A. (2017). Klasik Devir Türk Tezyini Sanatlarında Desen. İstanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı.
[2]. Boydaş, N. (1994). Ta'lik Yazıyla Plastik Değerler Açısından Bir Yaklaşım. İstanbul: MEB Yayınları.
[3]. Broug, E. (2016). İslam Sanatında Geometrik Desenler. İstanbul: Klasik Yayınları.
[4]. Demiriz, Y. (2017). İslam Sanatında Geometrik Süsleme. İstanbul: Hayalperest Yayınevi.
[5]. Derman, F.Ç. (2007). Türk Tezyini Sanatlarını Oluşturan Tefekkür Sistemi. Türk Tezyini Sanatları Sergisi Katalogu. Ankara: Kariyer Matbaacılık.

Abstract: This paper compacts with the notion of free trade zones between theory and practice in Nigeria, Issues and challenges why Free trade zone in theory does not reflect same theoretical models in Nigeria. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the history, concept, benefits, operational disadvantage to the investor and the host of free trade zones using selected operators in Nigeria. The paper presenter researched for the paper with reliance on textbooks, internet websites and operational case study since there is a dearth of material in the subject area explaining operational angle in Nigeria. Also, the researcher interviewed some stakeholders and practitioners in some selected FTZs in Nigeria regarding the existence of a dichotomy between theory and practice attainable in Nigeria and its likely causes.......

[1]. Aitken &Harrisson, 1999; Akinlo, 2004; De Mello, 1997; Haddad & Harrison, 1993; Lipsey&Sjoholm, 2004). Do Domestic Firms Benefits from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Venezuela. The American Economic

[2]. CBN bulletin, 2010 https://www.cbn.gov.ng/OUT/2011/PUBLICATIONS/STATISTICS/2010/PartA/PartA.html accessed 24th of July,2019
[3]. Chen, Y. Sun, I. Y.Ukaejiofo Y., Xiaoyang, T. and Brautigam, D.(2016) "Learning from China?
[4]. Economist, The (2018) "Chinese Workers and Traders in Africa" The Economist May 17
[5]. Economic and Commercial Counselor‟s Office in Nigeria, Ministry of Commerce, People‟s

Abstract: Thepurpose of this study is to analyze the implications of the principle of freedom of contract in the banking business for bank customers. This research is empirical (field research) supported by the facts in the field which are translated into standard contracts. The results of the study show that the nature of the standard agreement in bank credit is essentially not in conflict with the laws and regulations. The principle of freedom of contract underlies the standard banking credit agreement as well as in practice and the habits of the bank towards debtors/customers. But in practice the position of the creditor is more dominant than the debtor/customer resulting in an imbalance The contents of the banking credit agreement determine the balance between the creditor/bank and the debtor/customer...........

Key Words: Nature, Standard Agreement, Banking Business.

[1]. Ahyuni Yunus, Banking Agreement (Creditors' Credit and Debtor's Powerlessness), Reflexology Library. Makassar, 2017.
[2]. Anthon F. Susanto, Non-Systematic Legal Studies: Foundation of Indonesian Legal Studies Development Philosophy, (Yogyakarta: GentaPublishing,, 2010),
[3]. Antony Flew, A Dictionary of Philosophy, (London:Pan Books, London, 2000
[4]. Arthur S. Hartkamp and Marianne MM Tillema, Contract Law in the Netherlands, Kluwer Law International, The Hague, London, Boston, 1995
[5]. Bahder Johan Nsution, Law and Justice, (Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2015

Abstract: The study attempted to assess and examine the effects of entrepreneurship education and training on the performance of Youth owned MSEsin South Wollo and Oromia Special zone. Itaimedtoidentify andmeasurethe effects of entrepreneurship education and training in improving the business skill and PECs of the youth and thereby improve their economic and financial performance.Theresearchwasdescriptive in its design. Probabilitysampling ofstratified and simple randomtypeand non-probability samplingofapurposive typewereappliedtoobtaindataabouttheeffect of entrepreneurship education and training on performance of youth owned MSEs.Theresearcherusedquestionnaireandinterview togatherprimary data.Inthis studytherewerefiveindependentvariables thosewere business planning, Marketing, operations and HRM, Accounting and Finance skills andPECsandone dependentvariablewhichwasperformance of youth owned MSEs. The studyapplieddescriptive andinferentialanalyticalmodels. The researcher usedversion 20 ofSPSStoanalysisquantitativedata and demographicdata. Qualitative datawas analyzedinductivelythroughnarration.................

Key Words: Youth, Entrepreneurs,Performance, MSEs, Education and training

[1]. Abdullah, M. A. and Baker, M. (2000). Small and Medium Enterprises in Asian Pacific Countries (eds.), Science Publishers Inc., Huntington, New York.
[2]. Akpomi, M. E. (2009). Achieving millennium development goals through teaching of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria higher education institutions. European journal of Social Science, 8(1), 152-159.
[3]. Birdthistle N., Hynes B. & Fleming P. (2007). Enterprise education programmes in secondary schools in Ireland. A multi-stakeholder perspective. Education and Training,49(4): 265-276.
[4]. Botha M., Nieman G. & Van Vuuren J. (2007). Measuring the effectiveness of the Women Entrepreneurship Programme on potential, start-up and established women entrepreneurs in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 10(2): 163-183.
[5]. Chigunta Francis (2002). Youth Entrepreneurship: Meeting the Key Policy Challenges.

Abstract: Wordsworth‟s passion for Nature is well known as De Quincey puts it: "Wordsworth had his passion of Nature fixed in his blood. It was a necessity of his being, like that of a mulberry leaf to the silk-worm and through his commerce with Nature did he live and breathe" Wordsworth loves all objects of Nature; but he is concerned for less with the sensuous manifestation that delight most of the poets of Nature, then with the spiritual that he finds underlying these manifestations. On the other hand, Frost is a great lover of nature and his love, too, like, animals, birds that of Wordsworth, is local and regional. It is the region that lies to the North of Boston, which forms the background to his poetry. It is the hills and dales, rivers and forests.................

Key Words: Nature, Romanticism, Modernism, Regionalism, Mysticism

[1]. Graham Hough, "The Romantic Poets" Routledge Library Editions: Romanticism htts://bookdepository.com
[2]. John F. Lynan, "The Pastoral Art of Robert Frost" Wisconsin (Studies in contemporary literature) DOI: 10.2307/1207320 htt://www.jitor.org/stable/1207320 page count :8
[3]. Melvin Rader, Wordsworth –"A Philosophical Approach". Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 28 (3): 389-392 (1970) DOI 10.2307/429506
[4]. Caroline Ford: The Less Travelled Road: A study of Robert Frost. Harvard University Press, 1935, (Norwood Editions), ISBM-10 0848207750 Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.
[5]. Herbert Read, Wordsworth (Faber and Faber Ltd/ London, 1949), PP.126-27 https://books.google.com