IOSR-JHSS   Volume-25 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2020

Abstract: Several researchers have pointed out that the verbal group, being an obligatory element of the clause structure, carries high syntactic and semantic loads. As such, it is an area of maximum divergence and one of the most difficult aspects to master particularly by learners of English as a second language. On this note, this paper discusses the English auxiliary verbs, being integral components of the verbal group. The discussion is done through reviewing the works of different authors on the auxiliaries distinguishing the two sets - the primary auxiliaries (have, be & do) and the modal auxiliaries (can, could, dare, may, might, must, need, ought, shall, should, will & would). Each set of the auxiliaries are discussed with much emphasis on different usages to illustrate how crucial the auxiliaries are, as far as the conjugation of the verbal group is concerned

Keyword: Primary Auxiliaries, Model Auxiliaries, Verbal Group

[1]. Adejare, R. A. & Adejare, O. (1996). Tertiary English Grammar. Lagos: Difamo Books.
[2]. Aloho, J. O. (2014). An investigation into the problem of auxiliary verb acquisition and usage by NCE students: A study of some selected colleges of Education in Kano. UnpublishedPhD thesis, Department of English, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
[3]. Aloho, J. O. (2015). The Use of Auxiliary Verbs by NCE students: A Case Study of FCE Kano. Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics. Vol. 13 ISBN 2422-8435
[4]. Christophersen, P. & Sandved, A. O. (1969). An Advanced English Grammar. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan Education Limited.
[5]. Eastwood, J. (1994). Oxford Guide to English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Abstract: While there is a decline in percentage ofunder nutrition measured by stunting, wasting and underweight among children under age 5 years in India but the rate of fall is not satisfactory and there is a long way to go to achieve the nutritional targets. This paper attempts to examine the trends in child malnutrition. The latest government data NFHS 4 is analyzed to spot the improvement in nutritional indicators among children and its possible determinants. There is a huge variation in proportion of undernourished children across states.
The relative performances of states in reducing malnutrition among children have been mixed. Undernourishment is higher among rural than urban children.

Keywords: Under nutrition ,Underweight, India

[1]. Menon, P. (2012): "Childhood Under nutrition in South Asia: Perspectives from the Field of Nutrition", CESifo Economic Studies, 58(2), 274–295.
[2]. National Family Health Survey Reports 2005-06,Government of India
[3]. National family Health Survey Reports, 2015-16, Government of India
[4]. Ramachandran, P. (2008): "Nutrition Transition in India 1947-2007", Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi.
[5]. UNICEF (1998): "The state of the world‟s children 1998: Focus on nutrition", New York, USA.

Abstract: This ethnographic research involves the Manobo's ritual dances of Surigao del Sur. It relied on observations, analytical description and qualitative judgment or interpretation to obtain a picture of the Manobo ritual dances. The Manobo ritual dances such as Sinagudsod, Inadgawanon, Inamag and Binanog are dances performed during "Kahimunan" or full moon prayer ceremony. The music is in 4/4 signature and their music has no lyrics. In all of the four dances, the male dancers wear kabo (polo), sawei (pants), and patadjong/saja (skirt) while the female dancers wear saliko (blouse) and patadjong/saja (skirt). The performers use panyo (handkerchief) and "pinuti" (bolo.....

Keywords: Ritual Dances, Accessories, Dance Steps,

[1]. Amilbangsa, L., (1983). Pangalay: Traditional dances and Related FolkArtistic Expressions.
[2]. Makati, Filipinas Foundation Inc.
[3]. Arimang, N., (2010). Mamanwa Ritual Dances of Surigao del Sur An Ethnographic Research. Cebu Normal University, Cebu City.
[4]. Aquino, F., (1986).Fundamental Dance Steps and Music. Manila, Philippines.
[5]. Bernas, J.G., S.J. (2002). The 1987 Philippine Constitution A Reviewer-Primer Fourth Edition. Quezon City. Re Printing Company Inc.

Abstract: Today, we live in a world that is becoming increasingly globalized due to the unprecedented technological developments and economic compulsions. We call this world a "global village‟ and each one of us a "global citizen‟. In spite of this, a cursory observation would reveal the fact that people, either as individuals or as groups, have retained their "ethnic‟ character. This probably can be attributed to people‟s craving for individuality and individual identity or as a revolt against the forces of technology that is trying to create a "homogenized‟ world. Undoubtedly, "ethnicity‟ gives people a sense of pride and recognition. Sociologists also agree that it is this ethnic character of communities that makes the world an interesting place to live in.Ethnicity has been understood.....

Keyword: South Indian Tamil Hindu society (SITH), ethnic, human relationship,family relationship, tradition.

[1]. Eriksen, T. H. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto, 2002. Print
[2]. Narasimhiah, C. D. "R. K. Narayan‟s The Guide." The Literary Criterion 4.4 (1961): 63-92. Print.
[3]. Broom-Leonard-Selznick, 1955 Sociology, Row Peterson and Company
[4]. Narayan, R. K. Personal Interview. A Conversation with R. K. Narayan. 1983: 184. Print.
[5]. Narayan, R. K. English in India. Ed. Commonwealth Literature. London: John Press, 1965:122-3. Print.

Abstract: The Twenty-first century has witnessed resurgence for gender equality and human development, leading to economic and social empowerment of women in India. Women in large numbers have acquired education and skills and entered different fields of employment, thereby making their presence felt in the decision-making process in their workplace. Thus they are gradually facing escalation of various forms of' harassment', that is violating their human rights and "the right to work with dignity'', as spelt out under Article 14 of the Constitution.......

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Abstract: Communication within the family is important since it enable members to express their needs, share ideas, feeling, thought and many other things a family may need to share. Young people between 12-30 years are increasingly becoming vulnerable to HIV AIDS. This study examined the barriers to effective interpersonal communication (IPC) between parents and their youth on HIV prevention. The specific objective was to identify the barriers to effective interpersonal communication between parent and their youth on HIV prevention and how these barriers affect HIV prevention among youth in North Kamagambo Location Migori County. The study covered a population of 18,775according to the 2009 National Census Report .The study was supported by literature which stated that, sexual behavior......

Key Words: Barriers, Interpersonal Communication, HIV AIDS Prevention, Parent, Youth

[1]. Bandura. A. (1979).Social Learning Theory. New York: General learning press.
[2]. Bandura. A. (1977).Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliff, N, J: Prentice Hall.
[3]. Bandura, A. (2006). Adolescent development from an Agentic Perspective: Self Efficacy beliefs of Adolescent (Vol.5, pp.1-43 Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publication.
[4]. Bastien, S.K, &Muhwezi, W.W (2011). A review of studies of parent-child communication about sexuality and HIV AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa.Reproductive Health, 8(25), 1-17
[5]. Buzzanell, P.M. (2000). Rethinking Organizational and Managerial Communication from Feminist Perspectives.Thousand Oaks.Califonia: Sage Publication.

Abstract: From the XIX th century, the beginning of French colonization in Congo, African societies in general and especially Congolese were disorganized and weakened, because theywere the slave trade which caused consequences harmful. A new period opened, that of colonization which sometimes led to disputes between civilizing powers over territorial occupation. European powers, notably France and Belgium, clashed violently over the occupation of the Niari valley, very strategic in the sense that it was a crossroads for import and export products to the Congo river and the Atlantic coast. . The European (Belgian and French) explorations in the Kouilou Niari region led to the occupation of the territory of the Niari valley by France, which thus created administrative posts in Bouenza with direct repercussions on the lives of the populations.

Keywords: European explorations, colonization, consequences, territorial occupations

[1] General act of the Berlin conference, cited by Voulgre, 1897, The French Congo: The Loango and the Kouilou Niari valley, Paris, African colonial
[2] National Archives, GG 559 Financial affairs box n ° 2.
[3] Article 7 of the decree of March 9, 1937 of the official journal of AE F, p.448.
[4] Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch, 1972, The Congo at the time of the big concession companies, Paris, Mouton la Haye
[5] Coquery-Vidrouvitch C., 1969, Brazza and the price of possession of the Congo: Mission of West Africa 1883-1885, Paris, Mouton..

Abstract: Local government is an integral part of the central government in Bangladesh while it is contemplated as a viable institution for socio-economic development at grassroots levels. The strategy of consummating a project in local government was kept changing with the changes of the regimes of different governments in the country. The study has been conducted depending on secondary sources with a comprehensive literature review. In this paper, several impediments in the way of managing projects in local government are found like political interference, scarcity of resource, bureaucratic complexities, lack of skilled manpower, inefficient monitoring and evaluating team, lack of accountability, lack of co-operation between political representatives....

Key words: Local Government, Project Management, Challenges, Decentralization, Commensurability

[1]. Baccarini, D. (1999). The Logical Framework Method for Defining Project Success. Project Management Journal, 30 (4), 25-32.
[2]. Billah, A. H. (2016). Project Implementation by Union Parishad in Bangladesh: Myth and Reality. North South University, Dhaka.
[3]. Brand, D. (2016). Local Government Finance – A Comparative Study (1st ed.). SUN MeDIA Stellenbosch.
[4]. Esselink, B. (2000). A Practical guide to localization. Amsterdam ; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
[5]. Islam, F. (2015). The role of local self-government institution for deepening democracy at the grass-root level in Bangladesh. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 7 (2), 29-38..

Abstract: Background: From the first human settlements, the border between sea and land has been considered both a usage object and a symbolic location. In A Coruña (Spain), city and port appear as two inseparable and interconnected realities. In the 21st century, the transfer of various activities from the inner bay of the city to the outer port brings the opportunity to rethink a significant maritime area of about 6.4 hectares. This paper proposes to evaluate the potential of this port extent for introducing university uses through the application of a series of sustainability parameters......

Key Word:Campus sustainability; ICT; Higher education; Port area; Urban regeneration.

[1]. Acinas García, J. R., (1998), El puerto es un proyecto permanente. Evolución del puerto-ciudad de La Coruña, Autoridad Portuaria de A Coruña, A Coruña (Spain).
[2]. Alemany, J., (2005), "El frente marítimo, entre el urbanismo y la planificación portuaria", Portus, 10, pp. 2-3.
[3]. Alemany, J., (2006), "Rehabilitar, reconvertir, revitalizar pero mantener el puerto en la ciudad", Neutra, 14, pp. 22-25. [4]. Asociación Internacional de Ciudades y Puertos (AIVP), (2006). "Carta para el desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades portuarias", Conferencia de Sydney (Australia).
[5]. Autoridad Portuaria de A Coruña, (2018), "Memoria Anual 2017. Puerto de A Coruña", Autoridad Portuaria de A Coruña, A Coruña (Spain), available at: http://www.puertocoruna.com/es/ autoridad-portuaria/actualidad/publicaciones.html (accessed 12 May 2019).