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Abstract: The aim of this study is to critically examine from postcolonial point of view how the so called modern Christianity displaced the primitive Igbo religion ,its history and culture in the process of pacification by European powers as depicted in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart. He attempted to understand both the merits and demerits of the culture. He even seems to show that a culture or religion which cannot change itself with time would obviously fall apart. For the Hypothetical statement of the study we hold that the primitive Igbo history and culture was in a form of democratic and well balanced state which was not inferior to that of the colonizer. Given the chance, the Igbos could have developed equally to a 'modern' and evolved culture and religion in due time. The modern European cultures were also primitive in their past. They have developed in course of time only with different degrees. But it must be remembered that the 'modernity' associated with 'Christianity' is mostly for material progress. Any nation, culture or religion may get advantages for such material progress. But the imposition of developed race's religion over other less developed races is definitely unjust.The Igbo thought to protect their religion and way of life but could not do so mostly for the pacification of the colonizers , but their inner drawbacks also contribute to their falling apart.
Key words: Igbo religion , Things Fall Apart,pacification, post colonialism
[1]. Achebe ,Chinua. Morning Yet on Creation Day: Essays, London: Heinemann, 1983.
[2]. Ashcroft, Bill; Gareth Griffiths and Helen Tiffin.The Empire Writes Back : Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures, London : Routledge,1989.
[3]. Bhabha,Homi. The Location of Culture , London: Routledge. 1994.
[4]. Bressler,Charles E. Literary Criticism : An Introduction to theory & Practice , New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.
[5]. Boehmer,Elleke. Colonial and Postcolonial Literature, Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press, 1995 .
[6]. Gandhi ,Leela . Postcolonial Theory : A Critical Introduction , Delhi: OUP, 1999.
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Abstract: The politics of globalization is the process of greater interdependence among countries and their citizens. The process is a multifaceted and complex one. Globalization seem to have evolved as an avenue to help the less developed countries to grow but it has rather worsened the developing nations growth quest. Globalization has brought to fore two prominent institutions (the World Bank and International Monetary Fund) which are supposedly to be rendering assistance to developing nations to be self sustainable but it have rather turnout to be means through which developing nations are economically subjugated. Using the Marxist capitalist theory, the work is aimed at taking a critical study of the position of African nations in the global economic system vis a vis the developing nations, specifically considering the roles of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The work in its conclusion posits that globalization is a neo-colonial structure aimed at tiring the developing nations permanently to poverty while developed nations make mines of them.
Key Words: System, Economic System, Globalization, Integration, Role and Assessment
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[4]. George, S (1988) A Fate Worse Than Debt, London,Pengiun.
[5]. Gwyn, R (1997) "IMF now Defacto Government for Millions", Toronto Star, December.
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Abstract: anguage and literature are both methods of knowledge linguistic. Language provides manhis intelligent form, categorization and consistency. Languagecreates culture, whereas literature functions as the collection house of culture. In factrelatively few researchers'appear to focus on literature as an aid to learning of language as assert by ( Adeniyi, 2010). The purpose of this investigation therefore, is with the former. That is, it asks the question "How does the study of English Literature aid performance in English Language at the School Certificate Examination in Yobe State?" It is hoped that the outcome of the research on factors affecting attainment in English Language in Yobe State and the recommendations may offer a working tool for tutors and supervisory authorities and general public.Especially, with current public outreach and disappointment about the poor performance of students in English Language at the Secondary School level of the state.
[1]. Adeniyi, P.O. (2010). Resources and materials for teaching english language innigerian primary and secondary school. In applied social dimensions oflanguage use and teaching in africa. Ghana: The University press, Capecoast.
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[3]. Awuzie, U.A. (2010). Language, Culture and the Nigerian situation. In Journal ofnigerian languages and culture: 12:1 March,2010.
[4]. Adonis, F. (1974:393). English literature as a passive catalyst to success inenglish language at the G.C.E. O-Level Examination: In West AfricanJournal of Education XVII: 3, October 1974.
[5]. Geoffrey, L. (2002). A Communicative Grammar of English (Third Edition) NewYork: Longman
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | Challenges of Globalization in Teaching of Use of English in Nigerian Polytechnics |
Country | : | Nigeria |
Authors | : | Hafsat Ahmad Abubakar |
: | 10.9790/0837-191122327 |
Abstract: Teaching English as a foundation course in our polytechnics hasbecoming dramatically cumbersome and tasking. The use of English is a key course taught not only the polytechnics but in almost all higher institutions in the country. The use of English refers to the formal or conventional English language introduce the newstudents in tertiary institutions the basic of English language as pre-requisite requirement. The approach is general and not geared to any particular group of students notwithstanding the discrepancies in their academic pursuit and language background. In fact, the challenges faces thecourse is enormous. This paper aims at examine these challenges by considering at English and the concept of international language, challenges posed by globalization, problems encountered in teaching and learning ofthe use of English and recommends solutions to these challenges.
[1]. Adetugbo, A. (2003). The language Demands of globalization in Nigeria. A paper presented at Nigerian Millennium sociolinguistic conference, Lagos.
[2]. Ayodele, B. O. (2004). National Language Policy in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects in Higher Education. Journal of Educational Development (JONED), 5, 86-92.
[3]. Baumann, J. F; Hoffman, J.U; Duffy – Hester, A. M; & Moonro, J. (2000). The First R yesterday: U. S.
[4]. Elementary Reading Practices Reported By Teachers And Administrators. RRQ 35 No.3,September.
[5]. Bruton, A. & Halliday, A. (2009). ELT Journal /IATEFL debate: north, south, east or west, good language teaching is always the best. In B. Beaven, (ed.) IATEFL 2008 Exeter Conference Selections (pp.100 – 105). Canterbury: IATEFL
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Abstract: Previous studies on Iron fillings and Clay have shown that Iron fillings is of significant importance in ceramic composite especially as it has to do with the reduction of shrinkage on clay and the speckle effect on clay for decorative ceramics wares. The working of Iron fillings of different aggregate sizes into clay is both a pleasant and ugly experience which is worthy of documenting. This will be important to guide a ceramist that will intend to line blend and produce wares with iron fillings and clay by throwing on the potter's wheel. Iron fillings were gotten and analysed by sieving into different aggregate sizes for experimentation on clay. Clays were also gotten and prepared into a workable consistency. Iron fillings and clay were blended together in different percentages, this was followed by throwing on the wheel. Just as iron fillings was differed in the clay, so also the effect it has on the throwing ability of the body as regard plasticity. If iron fillings is too much in the body, it becomes difficult and sometimes injurious to work on.
[1]. Henrik N. James D. (1993), glazes – for the self-reliant potter, retrieved 30 July, 2014 http://www.gate-international.org/documents/publications/webdocs/pdfs/g17gle.pdf. p. 86
[2]. Jonathan O.E. , Zauro T.D.M, Garkida A.D. (2014), Incorporating Iron Filings from Zaria Nigeria into Clay Body for the Production of Decorative Ceramics. Arts and Design Studies ISSN 2224-6061 (Paper) ISSN 2225-059X (Online) Vol.19, 2014. www.iiste.org
[3]. Jonathan O.E. (2014), Manual Potter's Wheel Efficiency in Ceramics Production in Nigeria
[4]. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 2, PP 01-05 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org
[5]. Nikon (2011), Cast iron nodularity and flake analysis, retrieved 30 July, 2014.
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Abstract: The major aim of this paper is to examine the Nigerian democracy and national integration. The paper reviewed that one of the greatest challenges that the Nigerian nation faces today is that of disunity among its population which have culminated negatively to the task of national integration. The paper contend that the Nigerian way of practicing democracy has been characterized by poor and bad governance, corruption, electoral malpractices, political black mail etc have greatly impeded the process of national integration. Much of the setback to Nigerian national integration efforts is compounds by the way and manner the various political parties conduct and condone their actions towards the struggle for power. The paper recommend among other things that the consolidation of democracy could be best harnessed when there is reasonable understanding among federating unit without ethnic identify religious bigotry, nepotism, corruption, violence, bad governance and other factors that pose threats to political stability and national integration. The paper conclude that democratic principles of (popular sovereignty s, participation, constitution, among others) have not been allowed to take roots while the capacity of democratic institutions has remained weak.
Keywords: Democracy, National Integration, Challenges, Liberal, Nigeria.
[1]. Adejimbi, S. and Agbaje, A. (2006) Do votes Count: The travails of electoral politics in Nigeria. Dakar Council for the development of social science research in Africa-CODESRIA.
[2]. Adingwe, F. (1974), Essential of government for West Africa. Ibadan university press.
[3]. Agu, G. (2009) democracy human rights and rule of law in Nigeria. Makurdi destiny printing and publishing. Anifowose, R. (2005), elements of politics. Lagos Sam iroanusi publications.
[4]. Appadorai, A. (2004), the substance of politics. New Delhi oxford university press.
[5]. Bankole, D (2009) The role of the legislature in the consolidation of Democracy Nigreia. The Nation, June 29.
[6]. Best, S. (2001) "Religion and Religion conflicts in northern Nigeria "university of Jos journal of political science, 11(111), 63-81, December.
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Abstract: Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are used for multiple purposes and have become an essential part of our everyday activities. The divergent uses of SNSs make SNSs as an interactive platform for interpersonal connectivity and social enhancement through social communication. The study investigates on the frequently used SNSs and uses of SNSs among the young adults in Bangalore city to infer on the different types of users. The research study used survey method to collect information from 120 young adults (20-35 years) across Bangalore city. The study found that Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and Google+ were the frequently used SNSs. The study identified 32 uses of SNSs, from which 30 different types of SNSs' users were inferred, they are: Networkers, Chatters, Buddy's Info Seekers, Content Makers, Professors, Hobby Vicars, Reporters, Preachers, Frequent Communicators, Status Stealers, Self-Broadcasters, Philosophers, Pet Lovers, Attractive Posters, Best Wishers, Attention Grabbers, Vernacular Posters, Like Likers, Responders, Silent Observers, Social Stars, Players, Endorsers, Dedicated Followers, Daters, Feature Lovers, Career Seekers, Learners, Political Campaigners and Info Pilfers. The divergent uses of SNSs in the present study reinforce SNSs as the preferred choice of communication tool, especially for social communication in urban areas.
Keywords: Social Networking Sites, Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google+
[1] Abro, M., Zhenfang, L., Chhachhar, A.R., Gillani, S.A.H. Social Networking Sites‟ Usage Trends and Adoption Among University Students: A Descriptive Analysis, New Media and Mass Communication, Vol.23, 2014.
[2] Al kindi, Salim Said Ali and Saadat M. Alhashmi. Use of Social Networking Sites Among Shinas College of Technology Students in Oman, Journal of Information & Knowledge Management, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2012.
[3] Bernoff, Josh & Li, Charlene. Marketing in the Groundswell, Forrester Research Inc., Harvard Business Press, 2009.
[4] Boyd, D.M. "Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life." MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Learning – Youth, Identity, and Digital Media Volume (ed. David Buckingham). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
[5] Brandtzæg, P.B. and Heim, J. (2011) "A typology of social networking sites users‟, Int. J. Web Based Communities, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp.28–51.
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Abstract: This article studies the KelambiR's eco-lexicals(KEL) in Serdang Malay (SM). It focuses on the collection of KEL that contains the stocks of local knowledge in SM. The data are obtained by interviewing, observing and documenting. The method used in this study is qualitative. The eco-lexicals in connection to kelambiR'coconut' areprimarily examined by using the perspectives of the followings, such as, the inter-relationship, diversity, and environment. To analyze the meanings of those lexicals, the researchers use the external referential, semantics, and the anthropolinguistic concept ofcultural meanings. The findings show that the KELs and expressions are regarded as part of SM's natural resources, language, and culture. The old generations know, understand and use such lexicon and its life principles. However, the situation in the past is contrary to the fact that young generations, today, rarely use KELs, and even do they not recognize and/or understand such words.
Keywords: Eco-linguistics, eco-lexicals, environment, KELs, and Serdang Malay
[1] T.S. Sinar, Ungkapan verbal etnis Melayu dalam pemeliharaan lingkungan: Malay and Indonesian studies,Proc.1st International seminar on language, literature, and culture in Southeast Asia, Medan, 2010, 71-82.
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[3] A.M. Mbete,Penuntun singkat penulisan proposal penelitian ekolinguistik (Denpasar: Vidia, 2013).
[4] K.T. Skutnab and R. Philipson,Language ecology, in J. Verschueren, J.O.Ostman, J. Blommaert and C. Buleaen (Eds.), Handbook of pragmatics (Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamin, 2001) 1-18.
[5] M. Peter, Linguistic ecology language ecology and linguistic imperialism in the Pacific Region (London: Routledge,1996).
[6] D. Crystal, A dictionary of lingustics and phonetics, 6th ed. (United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing, 2008).
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Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
Title | : | C – Optimal Sequential Design on Compound Poisson Regression Model |
Country | : | India |
Authors | : | S.Joshua David || C. Santharam |
: | 10.9790/0837-191125963 |
Abstract: C optimal design is use to analysing the geometry of the canonical design space a design point is required when estimating point of the height and response curve at the maximum or minimum to estimating β, which is related to width of the response curve. An analogous of C optimality design criterion was developed using variance covariance matrix, for GLM, We consider the problem of finding an optimal design model under a compound Poisson distribution with any number of independent variables and a reciprocal link additive linear predictor model. One of the main interests to determine the optimum operating conditions is to locate the point of maximum or minimum response on response variables to be optimized are different quality aspects of a product, such as yield or strength. The fact that the optimal design depends on the unknown true model parameters for the compound Poisson regression model with gamma link relative is very use full. One approach to solve this problem is to use sequential designs for binary data with the purpose to estimate a percentile of the response curve are treated. The theory of stochastic approximation provides an alternative method for estimation of the optimum point of a response function. The design points are determined successively will converge to the point of optimum response.
Key words: Compound Poisson, Locally C optimal design, sequential design, stochstic link model
[1]. Silvey, D., 1980. Optimal Design, Chapman and Hall, London.
[2]. Bai, D.S., Chung, S.W.: An optimal design of accelerated life test for exponential distribution.Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 31, 57–64 (1991).
[3]. Hugh A. Chipman and William J. Welch. D-optimal Design for Generalized Linear Models, Chicago (1996).
[4]. Holger Dette, Viatcheslav B. Melas and Weng Kee Wong: Locally D-Optimal Design for Exponential Regression Models. Los Angeles. Statistica Sinica 16(2006).
[5]. Santharam, C., Ponnusamy, K.N and Chandrasekar, B.,Universal optimality of nearest neighbour balanced block designs using ARMA models. Biometrical.J. 32,725 – 730, 1996.
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Abstract: This study, examined level of participation of community-driven development approach beneficiaries of World Bank assisted projects in south western Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was adopted in the selection of two hundred and forty six participants each of Fadama and CSDP projects respectively making a pooled total of four hundred and ninety two (492) respondents for the study. Firstly, two States from the Southwest of Nigeria were purposively selected. These were Oyo and Osun states. Secondly, fifteen percent of Local government areas in each State were randomly selected. Finally, 25% of membership of each of the selected community associations was chosen. This resulted to 246 respondents each in respect of Fadama and CSDP and a pooled figure of four hundred and ninety two respondents were chosen for the purpose of this study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Most (64%) of the respondents had secondary education. The respondent are far from their community to their meeting place, and 63.8% do not own vehicle. Fadama participants, participation in choice of project site ranked top with the mean of 1.94 while CSDP participants, participation in sensitization for community project take off (1.72) ranked 1st. Farmers should be encouraged to participate sensitization and choice of projects, this will enhance the performance of such projects.
Keywords: Fund, project attendance, project participation and ownership of mobility
[1]. P. A. Adeyemo, Analysis of farmers' Participation in the Second Fadama Development Project in Oyo State, Nigeria. Unpublished Msc thesis in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, 2010.
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[6]. National Population Commission (NPC), Fact sheet for Nigeria Population. Retrieved from URL: www/ npc.org/ population htm, 2006.