IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-11 ~ Nov-2014

Abstract: In the present study an attempt has been made by the investigators to study the attitude of secondary school Headmasters and Teachers towards the "Right to Education Act, 2009 or RTE Act, 2009" in the district of Purulia, West Bengal. The investigators have used Descriptive Survey method for the present study. The sample consists of 30 Headmasters and 150 Teachers from 30 (Thirty) selected secondary schools which are situated in the district of Purulia, West Bengal.

[1]. Best, J.W. (1977). Research in Education, Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
[2]. Census of India Report (2011): Registrar General Census Commission of India.
[3]. Dey, Niradhar., & Beck, Binod. (2011). The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009: Teachers Perception. Journal of Educational Research (EDUSEARCH). Vol.2, Number-2, 83-90.
[4]. Gadam, Ajay. M. (2013). Teacher Awareness of the Responsibility under Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act. International Indexed & Refereed Journal. Vol. 5, Issue. 49, 38-40.
[5]. Human Development Report (2014). United Nations Development Programme, One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017
[6]. Jaseena, Fathima. (2011). Right to Education - A Study on the Awareness of M.Ed Trainees. Journal of Educational Research (EDUSEARCH). Vol.2, Number-2, 63-66.

Abstract: Higher education is the most critical element in empowering the people with knowledge and skills, which in turn creates productive employment opportunities in future. As it provides an opportunity to specialize in a particular field, its role is very important for the well being of individual and the society, as a whole. The extent of access to higher education in India is limited. There is also a serious problem of quality education. While some of our institutions of higher education are the best in the world, the average standard is much lower.

[1]. Schultz, T.W., American Economic review"- Investment in Human Capital: Vol.51, March 1980, Page1-17.
[2]. Agarwal, R.B. Financing of Higher education in India. Varnasi: -Ganga Kaveri Publishing House, 1993.
[3]. Singh.B. Economics of Indian Education, Meenakshi Prakashan, New Delhi.
[4]. Massy, Willium F., Quality and Cost Containment in Higher Education, The Oryx Press, 1998.
[5]. Jandhyala B.G. Tilak, Financing Education in India- Ravi Books, Delhi.

Abstract: This article attempted to discuss about Mandailing phonological variation in Mandailing Natal Regency. As observation points, this study was determined 21 villages from all districts in Mandailing Natal and the data were analyzed by using dialectometri application. The objectives of the study were to describe the phonological variation of Mandailing language, the distribution maps and line isogloss on phonological elements of Mandailing language and the grouping of dialect on phonology based dialectometri method. To calculate the dialectometri vocabulary has been done by calculating all of the vocabulary per field of meaning which amounts to 800 glosses.

[1]. Ayatrohaedi, Bahasa Sunda di Daerah Cirebon (Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1985)
[2]. Chambers, J.K. and Peter Trudgill, Dialectology (Great Britain: Cambridge University Press, 1998)
[3]. Chomsky, Noam, The New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind: Cakrawala Baru Kajian Bahasa dan Pikiran. Terjemahan oleh Freddy Kirana (Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 2000)
[4]. Lauder, Multamia R.M.T, Pemetaan dan Distribusi Bahasa-Bahasa di Tangerang (Jakarta: Proyek Penelitian dan Pembinaan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, 1993)
[5]. Nadra, Rekonstruksi Bahasa Minangkabau (Padang: Andalas University Press, 2006)

Abstract: Adversity quotient is the capacity to adjust with the adversities in life. A person with good Adversity quotient can achieve the goal by fighting against all odds. It is also related to many other factors like self esteem, motivation, fighting spirit, creativity, sincerity, positive attitude, optimism, emotional stability etc. Adversity quotient is also related to the Academic problems of students. This study is conducted to find out the level of academic problems and adversity quotient among student teachers. The study also analyses the relationship between adversity quotient and academic problems among student teachers.

[1] Ao Jie,Deng Zhi-wen,WuLi-cun (2009). On the adversity quotient of freshmen and tactics of setback education. Retrieved from http://en.cnki.com.cn/
[2] Ren Ze-zhong,Pan Hong-jun (2008). Adversity Quotient Education and the Improvement of Education and Management of College Students. Retrieved from http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article.
[3] Mittal, K., Emotional intelligence of teacher trainees in relation to anxiety. New Frontiers in Education, 44(3), 2011, 311-15. [4] Vibhavari, B. N.and Uplane, M. M., A study on adversity quotient among secondary school students. Edutracks, 10(6), 2011, 41-43. [5] Garrett, H. E., Statistics in psychology and education (New Delhi: Paragon international publishers, 2005).

Abstract: Men and Women are two wheel of a cart. Female of our country have faced the discrimination throughout the ages now and still to be continued till today and still exists in various form. Usually, discrimination is influenced by cultural norms and tradition, religion , region etc. Biologically and sociologically both are assigned different role. Physically a female role is to look after house, children, family, and relatives and on the other hand men are made for bread earner, for hardship and for struggle for earning. Well all these thinking made our women weaker and deprived from basic things. Both are equal in human right. Women are discriminated in this male dominating society.

[1]. Gupta Natthulal, Women Education Through the Ages, Concept Publishing Company,2000
[2]. Raju M. Laksmipathi, Women Empowerment Challenges and Strategies, Regal Publication , New Delhi.
[3]. Anand,A.S., Justice for Women Concerns and Expressions, Universal Law Publishing Co.
[4]. Das Bhaswati, KhawasVimal, Gender Issues in Development Concerns for the 21st century, Rawat Publication ,2009, New Delhi.
[5]. NawalNitu ,Sharma RK., Domestic Violence against Women Legal Protection, Legistative, and Judicial Aspects , Regal Publication, New Delhi, 2013..

Abstract: Teacher still has a prominent role in shaping the generations and teacher education institutions handle the responsibility of transformation of teachers. Teachers must have a thorough basis of the content and pedagogic practices for processing the knowledge to the level of students. This paper explores more effective ways of imparting content knowledge among elementary student teachers by comparing the effect of pedagogic analysis and concept mapping strategy on achievement in science of the 78 student teachers belonging to two elementary teacher preparation institutions. Quasi experimental pre-test post-test design with matched groups is employed for the study.

[1]. Gafoor, A. K.&Ragisha.K.K (2012) Status of pre- service elementary teacher education in Kerala: Educators view.in S.Sabu, (Ed.). Teacher Education in Thethe New Millenium. APH Publishing corporation, New Delhi.
[2]. Bhowmik.M.,Banerjee.B. &Banerjee.J (2013) Role of pedagogy in effective teaching.Basic research journal of education research and review. http//www.basicresearchjournals.org.
[3]. Vitale. M. R.&Romance.N. R. (1992) Content knowledge and methodology in teacher preparation- higher order thinking: designing curriculum for mainstreamed students.in D. Carnine&E.Kameenui, (Eds.) Austin, Tex: PrO-ED, Inc.
[4]. Reif.F.& Heller. J.I (1982) knowledge structure and problem solving in Physics. Educational psychologist 17: 102-27.
[5]. Novak JD and Musonda D (1991) A twelve-year longitudinal study of science concept learning. American Educational Research Journal 28(1): 117–53.

Abstract:Despite woman being the soul of any civilization, it is the hierarchy of patriarchal ideology in Indian culture that forbids the matriarchal values and offers woman a subordinate status. The present study is an attempt to judge how the matriarchal system offers woman the ruling as well as secondary position at the same time. However, the matriarchal system appears to be the sub-system of a patriarchal one. Hence, the present paper proposes to trace the changing role of matriarchal figures in the patriarchal ethos as depicted in Shashi Deshpande's selected novels.

[1]. Ahuja, Ram. Indian Social System. Jaipur and New Delhi: Rawat Publications, 1993. Print.
[2]. Altekar, A. S. The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization. 2nd edn., Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1959. Print.
[3]. Beauvoir Simon, de. The Second Sex. Trans. H. M. Parshley. London: Vintage, 1997. Print.
[4]. Deshpande, Shashi. The Dark Holds No Terrors. 1980; rpt. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1990. Print.
[5]. That Long Silence. 1988; rpt. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1989. Print.
[6]. The Binding Vine. New Delhi: Penguine India, 1992. Print.

Abstract: A Case Study is one of the most popular and widely used methods in social research. Though case studies primarily involve qualitative research techniques, they can also make use of quantitative methods, thus, providing a fascinating turf for the interplay of both qualitative and quantitative methods in carrying out a social research

[1]. Yin, Robert, Case Study Research: Design and Method (4th ed.) (UK: Sage, 2009).
[2]. Creswell, John, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (2nd ed.). (London: Sage, 2007).
[3]. De Vaus, David, Research Design in Social Research (UK: Sage, 2001).
[4]. Abercrombie, Nicholas, Stephen Hill and Bryan Turner, The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology (5th ed.) (UK: Penguin, 2006).
[5]. Sarantakos, S., Social Research (2nd ed.) (London: Macmillan, 1998).
[6]. Goode, W. and P. Hatt, Methods in Social Research (USA: McGraw-Hill, 1952).

Abstract: This paper advocates the impact of the socio psychology on an individual's psychology with reference to an eminent and prolific American writer Joyce Carol Oates's Demon from the anthology The Collector of Hearts: New Tales of the Grotesque (1998). It unpacks Oates's issue based approach to writing short stories and their impact on the postmodern world filled which is with repressed desires, emotional conflicts and fragmented thoughts. Through this much interesting genre, Joyce Carol Oates has suggested the possibility of transcendence for the entire womanhood.
Key words: Obsessive Love, Gothic, Grotesque.

[1]. Archer, Dane and Rosemary Gartner. Violence and Crime in Cross-National Perspective. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1984. Print.
[2]. Caroll, Neol. The Philosophy of Horror: Or Paradoxes of the Heart. New York: Routledge, 1990. Print.
[3]. Dollard, John, et al. Frustration and Aggression. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1939. Print.
[4]. Freud, Sigmaund. The Ego and the Id. London: Hogarth Press, 1957. Print.
[5]. Johnson, Greg. Understanding Joyce Carol Oates. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1987. Print.

Abstract: Problem solving is the most important learning outcome of educational endeavors (Gagne, 1980). All the sciences, both pure and applied, are centrally concerned with developing and systematizing knowledge that is useful for solving various kinds of problems. Problem solving as a goal-directed behavior requires an appropriate mental representation of the problem and the subsequent application of certain methods or strategies in order to move from an initial state to a desired goal state (Metallidou, 2009). Problem solving is viewed as a fundamental part of science education in regular schools (Reif, Larkin & Brackett, 1976; Larkin & Reif, 1979; Chi, Feltovich & Glaser, 1981; Reif, 1981; Bascones, Novak & Novak, 1985; Amigues, 1988; Robertson, 1990; Savage & Williams, 1990; McDermott, 1991; Heller, Keith & Anderson, 1992; Henderson, Heller, Heller, Kuo & Yerushalmi, 2001; Kuo, 2004; Pol, 2005; Yerushalmi & Magen, 2006; Loucks, 2007). Academic problems in this context follow some well-defined criteria: all information needed to solve the problem is given; a limited set of rules are needed to solve the problem; in many cases, only one procedure leads to the right answer; and there is only one correct answer.

[1]. Amigues, R. (1988). Peer interaction in solving physics problems: Sociocognitive confrontation and metacognitive aspects. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 45, 141-158.
[2]. Anderson, D., & Nashon, S. (2005). Predictors of knowledge construction: interpreting students' metacognition in an amusement park physics program. In D. D. Lynn & F. H. John (eds.). Science Learning in Everyday Life. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 1-23.
[3]. Bagno, E., & Eylon, Bat-S. (1997). From problem solving to a knowledge structure: An example from the domain of electromagnetism. American Journal of Physics, 65, 726-736.
[4]. Bascones, J., Novak, V., & Novak, J. D. (1985). Alternative instructional systems and the development of problem-solving skills in physics. European Journal of Science Education, 7(3), 253-261.
[5]. Bennett, W. (2008). Problem solving: can anybody do it? Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 9, 60-64.

Abstract: Built upon Ferguson's (1959/1972) and Fishman (1967) conceptualizations of diglossia, the present paper is dedicated to characterize diglossia in relation to Arabic. It is momentous to mention that, following several political, social, economic, and academic changes, the sociolinguistic situation in the, at least some, Arab nations does not seem to follow strictly Ferguson's original framework. The paper specifically inspects 'stability', one, out of nine, important rubric in the discussion of diglossia. To do so, Algeria is considered as a case in point. The discussion goes through the following stages: introduction of diglossia, characterization of diglossia in Algeria, then diglossia's stability.
Keywords: Arabic dialects, dialect promotion, polyglossia, stability, Standard Arabic, prestige.

[1] W. Marçais, La diglossie arabe, L'Enseignement Public, 97, 1930, 401- 409.
[2] C. A. Ferguson, Diglossia, in D.Hymes (Ed.), Language in Culture and Society, (New York: Harper & Row, 1964) 429-39.
[3] C. A. Ferguson, Diglossia, in Gigliolo (Ed.), Language and social context. Selected readings, ( Harmondsworth, 1972) 232–251.
[4] M. Sebba, Societal bilingualism, in R.Wodak, B. Johnstone, P.Kerswill (Ed.), The handbook of sociolinguistics, (Los Angeles, London, 2011) 445–459.
[5] M. Hogg, N. Joyce, D. Abrams, Diglossia in Switzerland? A social identity analysis of speaker evaluations, Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 3,1984, 185–196.

Abstract: That every individual is a performer in one way or the other, has preserved theatre from the threats of extinction and initiated its consistent progress. Theatre acts on a given moment and speaks directly to the audience; hence it has proved to be an effective medium of expression. Theatre has been among many other things propagandist, interventionist and also liberating. But it has also been criticized for not holding enough space for women to express themselves. The present paper addresses this issue in the light of Indian theatre, which has a long tradition but for the most of time remained a male preserve. It makes an incisive reading of the feminist theatre and goes on to critically look at the evolution of 'womanist dramaturgy' in the Indian context, in opposition to not just the male tradition but also the western feminist theatre. Exploring through the aesthetics put forward by the Indian women playwrights and directors, the paper tries to find or create a theatre of their own for the Indian women theatre practitioners, which ceases to be just a theatre of protest and ultimately establishes itself as a theatre of emancipation and of identity.
Keywords: Aesthetics, Drama, Theatre, Womanist Dramaturgy, Women's Theatre.

[1]. Knowles Ric, "Modern Drama: Defining the Field‟, Modern Drama, Vol. XLIII, No. 4, (Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2000)
[2]. Subramanyam Lakshmi , Muffled Voices: Women in Modern Indian Theatre (India: Har-Anand Pub., 2002)
[3]. Mukherjee Tutun, Staging Resistance: Plays by Women in Translation (India:Oxford University Press, 2005.)
[4]. Mee Erin B., Theatre of Roots: Redirecting the Modern Indian Stage (India: Seagull Books, 2008)
[5]. Helene Keyssar, Feminist Theatre and Theory (U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan,1996)

Abstract: Since amalgamation by the British in 1914, Nigeria, the most populous black nation in the World, abundantly blessed both naturally and humanly has been experiencing one form of challenge to another. This includes political instability, electoral violence, ethnic conflicts, economic dysfunction, territorial and social insecurity and religious fundamentalism. The latest one is posed by a dreadful fundamentalist sect. Boko Haram, a terrorist organization has become a threat to the security of lives of people both residents and also traders who visit Northern Nigeria. The sect has carried out several attacks which have led to unjustifiable destruction, internal and external displacement and political instability. An example of such was one of the 2013 attacks, in which several traders from Ibadan, Oyo state who went to buy foodstuffs in Mogunu, Borno state, Nigeria were massacred.

[1]. Akinwale Aboluwade. Our Colleague Slaughtered By Boko Haram Members. Punch Newspaper, July 3rd, 2013. www.punchng.com [2]. Ali Modu Sheriff. Nigeria: My Boko Haram Story. September 4th, 2014. www.allafrica.com
[3]. Goodluck Jonathan (2014). Address at the 69th Session of The United Nations General Assembly, New York. www.un.org [4]. Idowu Johnson (2013). Resolving and Preventing the Spread of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria. Ibadan Journal of Peace and Development. Volume 2. ISSN 2276-7267 Pages 91-94

[5]. Karen Ballentine and Heiko Nitzschke (2003). Beyond Greed and Grievance: Policy Lessons from Studies in the Political Economy of Armed Conflict, IPA Policy Report

[6]. Laura Smith- Spark. Nigeria Troops Killed Man Acting as Boko Haram Leader. September 25th, 2014. www.cnn.com

[7]. Mahmood Mandani (2002). Good Muslims and Bad Muslims: A Political Perspective on Culture And Terrorism. American Anthropologist, Volume 104, No .3 Page 773-775

Abstract: This paper attempts to explore the evolutionary changes in the retail growth in Dhaka City. Within different stages of historical growth, how the socio-economic forces and the changing spatial configuration of the city shaped the spatial structure of retail growth remains the main investigation of this paper. Based on the reviewed literature of Dhaka's Historical growth and a computer based analysis 'Space Syntax', the key factors have been discussed in this paper are; (i) a brief historical overview of the retail growth process in Dhaka, (ii) the changing socio-economic and political conditions influencing the spatialization of this growth process and pattern and (iii) an understanding of the global spatial structure of the city and the spatial significance of the changing retail areas in context through 'Space Syntax'computer based technique. The study identifies the influence of socio-economic and spatial variables on the changing retail environment in Dhaka and the spatial outcome of the process. The findings suggest that, the spatial aspects of accessible location are the prime concerns in changing and shaping the urban retail land uses in Dhaka. This paper leads to a new level of understanding of the way that urban retail land uses and their unplanned spatial distribution at city scale interact as social and spatial mechanisms in the global context of the city.
Key Words: Historical Evolution, Dhaka City, Spontaneous Retail Growth, Space Syntax, Integration core, Global Urban System, Socio-Spatial,

[1] Ahsan R.M.; (1991); Changing Pattern of the Commercial Area of Dhaka City; Dhaka Past,Present & Future; in Ahmed.S. U. (Ed.);The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
[2] Ahsan, R. M.; (1966); The CBD in an Eastern Context; A Case Study of Dacca; Master's Dissertation; LSE;University of London.
[3] Ahmed, S.; (1986); Dacca: A Study in Urban History and its Development; London Centre for South Asian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies.
[4] Amin, N.; (1991); Dhaka's Informal Sector and its Role in The Transformation of Bangladesh Economy; In Sharif Uddin Ahmed (ed.); Dhaka Past Present Future; The Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
[5] Chowdhury, A.M., and Faruqui, S.; (1991); "Physical Growth of Dhaka", In Sharif Uddin Ahmed (ed.); Dhaka Past Present Future; The Asiatic Society Of Bangladesh.