IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Emotional Utterances in Langkat Malay's Intonation: An Experimental Phonetics1
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Emmy Erwina, Paitoon M. Chayanara, T. Syarfina, Gustianingsih
	:	10.9790/0837-19650113

Abstract: This study describes the Langkat Malay (LM)'s intonation in two emotional utterances, i.e., anger and happiness. Those two are especially practiced by the nobles (Nb) and the common people (CP) in Tanjungpura District which is administratively located in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province (Indonesia). It involves six main informants for obtaining key speeches and 40 respondents for perception tests. This study uses acoustic phonetics theory and Praat program. For the emotional speech of anger the expression is pedeh hati ambe ngeleh kelakuannya tang orang tua which are used by both the Nb and the CP and can be phonetically pronounced as [pədeh ha:tɪ ʌmbə ŋəleh kəlʌkʊanɲʌ tʌŋ ɔːrʌŋ tʊa]; while for the emotional speech of happiness the expression is senang bena amba mendengar kabarnya yo which is pronounced as [sənʌŋ bena: ʌmbə məndəŋa:r kʌbʌrɲʌ jo] and this last expression is only spoken by the Nb. The study is conducted with several steps. The initial step refers to the process of digitization and the next was to measure the acoustic characteristics of frequency and duration of speeches, and extracting the measurement results. The final steps was the statistical tests to determine the acoustic characteristic significance of measurement results. The findings of the study are that intonation patterns, frequency and duration, and speech intonation are all signified in the characteristics of LM's utterances. Intonation pattern of anger among the CP tends to have the falling movement with declining tone contour; while among the Nb the pattern shows to rise and fall with declining tone contour. Furthermore, there was no distinction of intonation pattern of sadness among the CP and the Nb because they emphasizes the decliningtone contour. Finally, the intonation pattern of happiness exhibits a rise among the Nb and a rise-fall among the CP; however, both the Nb and the CP indicate the inclining tone contour.
Keywords: intonation, emotional speeches, a rise, a fall, a rise-fall, tone contour

[1]. Chaiyanara, Paitoon M. Pengenalan Fonetik dan Fonologi (Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2006).
[2]. Pane, Armijn, Mentjari Sendi Baru Tata Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1950).
[3]. Halim, Amran, 1969. Intonasi dalam Hubungannya dengan Sintaksis Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: Djambatan, 1969).
[4]. Samsuri,Tjiri-tjiri Prosodi Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia (Malang: FKSS-IKIP Malang, 1971).
[5]. Van Heuvent, Vincent J. Introducing Prosodic Phonetics.In Ode, Cecilia and Vincent J.van Heuven (eds). Experimental Studies of Indonesian Prosody. (Semaian 9). (Leiden: Rijksuniversiteit Leiden,1—26, 1994).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Clearing the Forest: Colonialism and Deforestation in Nagaland, Northeast India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S. Victor Babu
	:	10.9790/0837-19651416

Abstract: Despite emergence of conservative ideas of forest, desire of Empire building among the colonialists made them world leader in deforestation. In continuation of this polity, the British exploited natural resources from its colonies in Indian subcontinent and Africa etc. There are examples witnessing the disappearance of several tree species from the forest like oak forest in England. As it is well known that Indian subcontinent is prosperous in its natural resources, the British started tapping the natural resources of the country. British started giving preferential treatment to some tree species over the others there by affecting the diversity of the forests. British aim was to retain all valuable species and remove all the inferior species. This shows that British exploited the natural resources of the country to the fullest during its regime. This paper is an attempt to explain deforestation in Nagaland during colonial period. It further tries to reveal the true motive of British in India behind exploiting the natural resources for their profit against the background of rhetoric of conservation of Natural resources.
Keywords: Deforestation, Nagaland, Exploitation of Natural Resources, Valuable Species, British Era etc.

[1]. Gadgil,M & Guha, R.(1992), This fissured Land: An Ecological History of India, OUP, p119.
[2]. E.P.Stebbing, (1922), The forests of India, OUP Vol.1, p. 63.
[3]. R.Guha, (1983), 'Forestry in British and Post-British India: A Historical Analysis', in Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.XVIII, No. 44, p. 1883.
[4]. Goswami, Shrutidev, (1987), Aspects of Revenue Administration in Assam, Mittal Publications, p. 116.
[5]. Gustav Mann, Progress Report of the Forest Administration in the Province of Assam., 1874-75, p. 2.(hereafter PRFAA).
[6]. ASP, Rev. A, Revenue Dept.January, 1913.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Development of Papuan Farmers Economy Based Onthe Potentials of Land Resources, Ecology And Cultures In Keerom Regency
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Untung Turua, Setia Hadi, Bambang Juanda, Endah Murniningtyas
	:	10.9790/0837-19651724

Abstract: This research analyses potential of land resources, village ecology, and culture of Papuan farmers in making use of land resources in Keerom regency, for the development of Papuan farmers' economy. The class of land suitability was found through the study of document Studies for Agriculture Technology Papua Province, office of agriculture, and also the office of forestry and plantation of Keerom regency. The mapping of commodities was found through the analysis of the map and field survey with the approach of landform and the analysis of geomorphology, and the identificatin of ecology potentials. The culture of papuan farmers was found trhough Focused Group Discussion (FGD) and direct contact with the villagers. The result shows that the class of land suitability for the mapping of commodities of crops, horticulture and plantation,are spread in the districts of Arso, Arso Timur and Waris. Keerom Papuan farmers have not maximally used the farming land because they are still depending on the natural resources. The use of technological tools by papuan farmers is still low. Papuans also do not have capitals for the next planting season, compared with non Papuan farmers. Social capital is so strong that have negative impacts to the income.
Keywords: land resources, ecology, culture, and economic development

[3] [BPS dan Bappeda] Badan Pusat Statistik dan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah 2012. Kabupaten Keerom dalam Angka 2012. Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Keerom.
[4] [BPS dan Bappeda] Badan Pusat Statistik dan Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah 2012. Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Analisis Situasi Pembangunan Manusia (ASPM) 2011. Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Keerom.
[5] Djhot, Djekky R. 2013. Kebudayaan Masyarakat Papua. Central For Melanesia Studies University of Cenderawasih, Jayapura Papua.
[6] Fauzi, A. 2010. Ekonomi Perikanan "Teori, Kebijakan, dan Pengelolaan. Jakarta. Gramedia.
[7] Hadi, Setia. 2011. Menuju Desa 2030. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Sexual Harassment of Child Brides in India: Case Study of Bathinda District of Punjab
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Manpreet Kaur, Mansoor Ahmad Lone
	:	10.9790/0837-19652531

Abstract: Centuries have come, and centuries have gone, but the situations of women have marginally changed. Still they are exploited not only in social spheres but also in household chores. As a women passes through various phases of her life, she undergoes various types of exploitation that not only makes her feel physically and mentally insecure, but also decreases herself worthiness by manifold. The objective of this study is to bring to the surface the sexual exploitation of child brides. Child marriage and after that sexual abuse of child brides is one of the ways in which women are sexually harassed by their partners even the sexual harassment is a crime under section 509 IPC. Through this paper, the sexual harassment of child brides highlighted. The study is a humble attempt to recommend some measures to stop child marriages and sexual abuse of the child bride/ marital rape cases. For this purpose, case studies from Bathinda District of Punjab have been collected and evaluated. The paper tries to evaluate the legislative measures against the two activities such as child marriage and sexual abuse of child brides. Thus this paper is of an immense important for women empowerment as it creates awareness among the people on the issue and bring to the kind notice that the sexual harassment of child brides is crime and it should be stopped.
Keywords: Women, sexual harassment, child marriage, exploitation.

[1]. Rajeshwari. (2012, November 5) Woes of Women- age at marriage is one such factor which affects all aspects of a woman‟s life‟ Daily Post Newspaper. Delhi.
[2]. Loaiza, E. (2012) Marrying Too Young End Child Marriage, New York: United Nations Population Fund.
[3]. Santhya, K. G., Ram, U., Acharya, R., Jejeebhoy, S. J., Ram, F., & Singh, A. (2010). Associations Between Early Marriage and Young Women ' s Marital and Reproductive Health Outcomes : Evidence from India. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(3), 132-139.
[4]. Delhi Police: The Hindustan news Staff Reporter New Delhi, January 19, 2013.
[5]. Chakravarti, U., Batalia, U., Baxi, P., Barbora, X., & Tellis, A. (2007), Rape Culture. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(50), 4.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Role of Women in Selected Batak Toba Songs Based On Gender Equality
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Martina Girsang, IkhwanuddinNasution, Asmyta Surbakti
	:	10.9790/0837-19653236

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to interpret the role of women according to both the children and the women in some selected Batak Toba songs,HNDI, AHDHDA, based on the gender equality. The role of women is a hot issue in both national and international communities for it gives a big influence in both domestic and public work. The researcher of the study takes the selected songs as her main source of data ,and the second ones are from books and internet .The method of the research is qualitative one for she uses interpreting, describing relating to the extrinsic approach .In gathering the data she finds some CD Cassettes and browsing from the internet which is related to the topic, select them ,listen them many times till she is sure enough finding the correct songs ,then analyze them relate to the gender equality theory.
Keywords: The Role of Women, Selected Batak Toba Songs, Gender Equality.

[1]. Hubeis, Vitalayala,Aida. (2010). Pemberdayaan Perempuan dari Masa ke Masa. Bogor: PT Penerbit IPB Press Kampus IPB Taman Kencana.
[2]. Kasim, Razali. (2003). Literature and Psychology. Medan: USU press
[3]. Ratna, Kuta, Nyoman. (2004). Yokjakarta: Teori,Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Pustaka Pelajar Celeban Timur UH III/548.
[4]. Ratna, Kuta, Nyoman. (2009). Yokyakarta :Stilistika Kajian Puitika Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya. Pustaka Pelajar celeban Timur UH III/548.
[5]. Simanjuntak, Bungaran, Antonius. (2009). Jakarta: Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba. Yayasan Obor Indonesia

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Institutional Quality and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) In Nigeria: A Prognosis
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ntim Gyakari Esew, Emilia Yaroson
	:	10.9790/0837-19653745

Abstract: Foreign direct investment has been recognized by many research experts as one of the most secure elements of capital inflows capable of triggering economic expansion in developing economies but empirical literature provides mixed results as to what factors are capable of attracting substantial foreign investments into Nigeria. The aim of this paper therefore is to investigate the impact institutional quality has in attracting FDI flows into Nigeria from 1980 -2011. The Vector Error Correcting Model (VECM) is employed to examine the relationship between these macroeconomic variables. The result from the empirical analysis shows that political stability and corruption are major determinants of FDI inflows to Nigeria. Other significant determinants include human capital and trade openness. The study therefore recommends the strengthening of political and economic institutions in Nigeria to attract any meaningful foreign investments.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Nigeria, Political stability, VECM

[1]. Adelopo, I. et al (2009). Impact of corporate governance on Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria. Journal of social science research, Electronic copy available at:http://ssrn.com/abstract=1514982
[2]. Adeoye, A.(2009) Macro-economic level corporate governance and FDI in emerging markets: Is there a close relationship? Journal of Economics and International Finance, Vol. 1(2), pp. 030-043, July, Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JEIF
[3]. Akinlo, A.(2004), Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation Journal of Policy Modeling 26: 627-39.
[4]. Ajayi, I.S. (2006), Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Origins, Targets, Impact and Potentials. African Economic Research Consortium, Kenya
[5]. Anghel, B. (2005). "Do Institutions Affect Foreign Direct Investment? International Doctorate in Economic Analysis, 2-40. ASEAN Bulletin (2010), ASEAN Secretariat

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Right to Education using Human Rights Based Approach: A Policy Perspective for India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mamta Viswanath
	:	10.9790/0837-19654654

Abstract: This paper takes a look at Indian education policies and underscores the urgent need for a human rights approach. Though the Indian constitution gives its citizens the fundamental right to education with effect from 1st April, 2010, whether the requirements of a rights based approach have been met is yet to be seen. Secondly, the paper will briefly analyze the present status of right to education in India to understand the drawbacks at policy level and identify the factors responsible. Thirdly, the paper will highlight the ways in which a rights-based approach can be adopted at the implementation level. Inspiration can be drawn from various countries which have given right to education to their citizens and are nearing universalization of elementary education. The right to education can be fully realized only if it is implemented with a concerted rights-based approach to education.
Keywords: Human rights, right to education, elementary education, public policy

[1]. Aggarwal JC, 2005, Recent Developments and Trends in Education, Shipra Publications, Delhi
[2]. Aggarwal JC, 2011, Development and Planning of Modern Education, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, p 453
[3]. A Human Rights- Based Application to Education for All, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, 2007
[4]. Aikara J, 2004, Educational, Sociological Perspective, Rawat Publications, New Delhi
[5]. Alston P and Bhuta N, 2005, Human Rights and Public Goods :Education as a Fundamental Right in India, Centre For Human Rights and Global Justice, Working Paper, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Series, No.5

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Congenital Anomaly of Cochlea: A Case Report
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Munsif T, Haider S.S, Tewari V, Pasricha N, Siddiqui M S
	:	10.9790/0837-19655558

Abstract: Congenital malformations of inner ear are rare anomalies. These occur due to arrested development at different stages of embryogenesis. One rare anomaly of inner ear is Mondini dysplasia. Possibly it occurs due to arrested development of cochlea in its embryonic stage at about sixth week of gestation. In this anomaly only basal turn of cochlea is developed. There is deficient interscalar septum for distal one & half turn. Thus bony cochlea is restricted to 1.5 turns only. This causes sensorineural hearing loss.
One such anomaly was recognized clinically in a 4yrs old girl who presented with congenital deafness. Thorough systemic & specific examination was done.Radiological examination (Computed Tomography) revealed, that there was defect in the turn of cochlea i.e. cochlea was only one half turn.
Keywords: Mondini dysplasia , Cochlea , Sensorineural hearing loss,

[1]. Mondini C. Anatomia surdi nati sectio: De Bononiensi Scientiarum et Artium Institute atque Academia commentarii. . Bononiae. 1791;7:419-428.
[2]. Masri A. et al. Mondini malformation associated with diastematomyelia and presenting with recurrent meningitis. J Child Neurol. May 2011; 26(5):622-624.
[3]. Kamata A, Obinata K, Kon N, Suganuma H, Niizuma T, Kinoshita K. Recurrent meningitis with Mondini dysplasia after the operation and vaccination. Pediatr Int. April 2010.
[4]. Huang S. et al. Extremely discrepant mutation spectrum of SLC26A4 between Chinese patients with isolated Mondini deformity and enlarged vestibular aqueduct. J Transl Med. September 2011; 9:167.
[5]. Tullu MS, Khanna SS, Kamat JR, Kirtane MV. Mondini dysplasia and pyogenic meningitis. Indian J Pediatr. July 2004; 71(7):655-657.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Sociological Study on Changing Family Structure in Karnataka
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.K.N.Doddamani
	:	10.9790/0837-19655963

Abstract: The globalization in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional things or phenomena into global ones .it can also be used to describe a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. The process is a combination of economic, technical, socio-cultural and political forces. The traditional values were losing importance and new thinking new values were adding in society. Men and women will be treating equal in modern era. The new health treatment and facilities were opened to serve village people's health sector. All individuals were given equal opportunity in society. The village peoples way of life, structure of the family has been changed because of impact of liberlisation privatization and globalization in our country
Keywords: Impact of Globalization, Family–Structure, change

[1]. Doshi, S.L. 2002. Modernity, Post-Modernity and Neo-Sociological Theories. Jaipur and New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
[2]. Giddens, Anthony. 1990.The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
[3]. Goode,W.J. & Hatt. P.K. 1983. -Methods in Social Research. Auckland: McGraw Hill International.
[4]. Gore, M.S. 1968. Urbanization and Family Change in India. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.
[5]. Jain, Shobhita. 2002. Bharat men Parivar, Vivah aur Natedari. Jaipur: Rawat Publications.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determinants of technical efficiency among cash-crop producers: Evidence from East Malaysia
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Nor Diana MohdIdris, Chamhuri Siwar, Basri Abdul Talib
	:	10.9790/0837-19656469

Abstract: This paper analyzes the determinants of cash-crop production efficiency among farmers in Malaysia. In the study area, IADP plays an important role to assist farmers through agricultural development. Despite the many privileges received by the farmers, especially from the government, they are still less efficient. This study adopts the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in measuring technical efficiency. Further, this paper aims to examine the determinants of efficiency by estimating the level of farmer characteristics as a function of farmer's age, education level, family labour, and years of experience in agriculture, society members and farm size. The estimation used the Tobit Model. The results from this study show that the majority of cash-crop producer in IADP are still less efficient. In addition, the results show that relying on family labour, the years of experience in agriculture and also participation as the association's member are all important determinants of the level of efficiency for the IADP farmers in the agricultural sector. Such information is valuable for extension services and policy makers since it can help to guide policies toward increased efficiency among farmers in Malaysia.
Keywords: Technical efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Tobit, cash-crop production.

[1] Malaysia, 2010. 10th Malaysia Plan 2011-2015. EconomicPlanningUnit. PercetakanNasionalBerhad. Malaysia.
[2] Malaysia of Agricultural and Agro-Based Industry, 2011. National Agro-Food Policy 2011-2020. Putrajaya. Malaysia.
[3] Farrell, M.J., 1957. The Measurement of Productive Efficiency.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 120: 253-281.
[4] Coelli, T., 1996. A Guide to DEAP Version 2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis (Computer) Program. Australia: University of New England.
[5] Alemdar, T and M.N. Oren, 2006. Measuring technical efficiency of wheat production in Southern Anatolia with parametric and nonparametric model.Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9(6):1088-1094. ISSN 1028-8880.
[6] Coelli, T.J, S. Rahman and C. Thirtle, 2002. Technical, Allocative Cost and Scale Efficiency in Bangladesh Rice Cultivation: A Non-parametric Approach. Journal of Agricultural Econometrics 53 (3): 607-627

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The tempest: an echo of England's colonial expansion
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Faria Saeed Khan
	:	10.9790/0837-19657073

Abstract: Shakespeare's The Tempest is a social commentary on the effects of colonialism on the native people who were invaded and forced to adopt and follow European practices. Many critics believe that the play promotes condemnation of British colonial practices, seen through Prospero's abuse of power and Caliban's victimization. Critics are of the view that Shakespeare was very much prejudiced against the colonized nations and that The Tempest has signs of condemnation for colonialism. This research article will explore Shakespeare's handling of the issue of colonialism in The Tempest

[1]. Smith, Hallet. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Tempest, USA: Engle Wood Cliff, 1969.
[2]. Brown, Joseph Russel. Shakeseare: The Tempest. Edward Arnold LTD. 1969.
[3]. Frye, Northrop. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Tempest, USA: Engle Wood Cliff, 1969.
[4]. Spencer, Theodore. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Tempest, USA: Engle Wood Cliff, 1969.
[5]. Durband, Alan. The Tempest, UK: The Guernsey Press, 1985.
[6]. Hibbard, G.R. The Tempest Oxford University Press, 1987.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Women as the Oppressed Lot in theGod of Small Things
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shubha Prakash, Sujata
	:	10.9790/0837-19657478

Abstract: In the orthodox and conservative society like ours, women have always been undervalued due to patriarchal assumptions. They have been tutored that their greatness lies in their sufferings and therefore, happiness of others is always prioritized to their own. In fact, their perceptions of their aspirations and expectations are within the framework of Indian social and moral commitments.In this paper, an attempt is made to study the lot of women in Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things. The paper also depicts the inner life and conflicts of the self sacrificing women who desperately crave for their identity. How the female characters rebel towards the patriarchal norms and what is their ultimate fate is also highlighted in the present paper.
Keywords: Crave,conservative, identity, orthodox, patriarchal

[1] Ahmad, Aijaz. Reading Arundhati Roy politically, in Murari Prasad (ed.) Arundhati Roy: Critical perspectives.(New Delhi: Pencraft International, 2006).
[2] Al- Quaderi, GolamGaus& Md. Saiful Islam. "Complicity and resistance: Women in Arundhati Roy‟s The God of Small Things".Journal of Postcolonial Cultures and Societies (JPCS),2(4), 2011, 62-78.
[3] Alam, Khurshid. "Untouchables" in The God of Small Things.5.6.2007. 2001. Retrieved from http://www.usp.nus.edu.sg/post/india/roy/alum1.html.
[4] Bose, Brinda.In desire and in death: Eroticism as politics in Arundhati Roy‟s The God of Small Things, in Murari Prasad (edited). Arundhati Roy: Critical perspectives, (New Delhi: Pencraft International, 2006).
[5] Dodiya, Jaydipsinh&JoyaChakravarthy (eds.)TheCritical Studies of Arundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things". (New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2001).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Analysis of the Causes of the Independent Movement of Algeria
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Rabeya khatun
	:	10.9790/0837-19657995

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify and analysis the different causes of the Algerian War of Independence 1954-1962. The analysis extends to include various aspects of French colonization's policy and their determination to maintain direct control of Algeria because of its strategic location and how they pillaged the land, destroyed old cultures, displaced local languages, transformed ancient customs, devastation of traditional society, economy and military alliances and how they created new ones throwing up in their wake new historical opportunities. It represents the undermining of women's roles and rights, and the exploitation of their willingness to shelve their feminist agenda in favor of participation in the nationalist cause. This paper also looks at the role of nationalist parties and leaders to rise of Algerian nationalism. This paper is traced to the nature of the socio-political Circumstances of Algeria that took over the leadership of the anti-colonial struggle, war of independence and subsequently of the Algerian state.
Keywords : Algeria, colony, nationalism, women, independence.

[1]. Neil. McMaster, Burning the Veil: The Algerian war and the ‗emancipation' of Muslim women (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009), 1
[2]. Miriam Cooke, Deconstructing War Discourse: Women's Participation in the Algerian Revolution (Women and International Development, Michigan State University, June 1989), 4
[3]. Official website of the Muslim500, www, Themuslim500com, Retrieved 19 January 2012.
[4]. MacMaster, Op.cit., 1
[5]. A. Robert, ―Colonial Nationalism and Decolonization,‖ Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996), 15

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Rethinking Migration-Development Nexus: A Case of Bangladeshi Migrants' Households
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Munshi Israil Hossain
	:	10.9790/0837-196596103

Abstract: This article aims to explicate the interactions between international labour migration and household development of migrants through the examination of empirical literature on migration in Bangladesh. The available data and information on migration and remittances suggest that the macro economy of Bangladesh has been considerably geared up by migrant workers' remittances. But the studies on migration have to a great extent overlooked to elucidate migration-development linkage in light of migrants' households. The article looks into some particular indicators of economic and social development of migrants' households while at the same time it explains some indicators that negatively impact on both the economic and social development, i.e. they contribute to stimulate underdevelopment of migrants' households. In order to understand the actual development, economically and socially, the analysis of this article bases the optimist, developmentalist and neoclassical, and pessimist, historical-structuralist and dependency approaches posed by Tylor and De Haas. It concludes proposing some recommendations for the researchers and then for the policymakers in order to ensure the development of migrants and their household members and the country as a whole.
Keywords: Bangladesh, Development, Household, Migration

[1]. Afsar, R., Yunus, M., & Islam, A. S. (2002). Are Migrants Chasing After the" golden Deer"? A Study on Cost-benefit Analysis of Overseas Migration by the Bangladeshi Labour: International Organization for Migration (IOM), Regional Office for South Asia.
[2]. Ahmed, H. A., & Uddin, M. G. S. (2009). Export, Imports, Remittance and Growth in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis. Trade and Development Review, 2(2).
[3]. Anh, D. N. (2003). Migration and poverty in Asia: with reference to Bangladesh, China, the Philippines and Viet Nam. Paper presented at the Conference proceedings: Ad Hoc Expert Group Meeting on Migration and Development, Organised by the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
[4]. Bangladesh Bank (2014). Annual Report 2012-13. Bank and Financial Institutions Division. Dhaka
[5]. Bangladesh Bank (2009). Macroeconomic policy challenges of large remittance inflow. Paper presented at the Strengthening Remittance Flows and Impact: Policies, Practice, Prospects, Istanbul Congress Centre, Session II.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Autism and Nutritional Biotherapy
Country	:	Italy
Authors	:	Ferrara Lydia, Flammia Aurora
	:	10.9790/0837-1965104109

Abstract: Alteration of the perception of the taste of foods is called dysgeusia and can be due to various factors: alteration of the gustative papillae that cover all the language and that they are responsible of the reception of the savours; reduction of some oligoelements that are necessary for the perception of the taste (es. zinc); or lack of some enzymes; reduced salivation; alteration of the cerebral mechanisms that regulate the perception of the taste; alteration of the sense of the smell one that it does not to allow it smells it and to invite to the assay of the food. Some autistic subjects introduce towards it smell an amazing olfactory ability, while others can feel aversion for smell and strong savours and therefore are much selective in the feeding, compromising, sometimes, the necessary nutritional intake with consequent decrease of the weight them and damages for the health. A valid aid, in such cases, comes offered from the nutritional biotherapy that takes cure to introduce the aliments under various aspects rendering them more attractive, stimulating the curiosity of the subject. To propose food as medicine is useful is to the nutritional purposes is to the prevention of the onset of chronic pathologies contributing to the good function of the organs and to the protection of the natural defenses
Keywords: autism, sense of taste, intestinal dysbiosis, nutritional biotherapy

[1]. Delacato C.H. Alla scoperta del bambino autistico, Armando editore,Roma,1996
[2]. Nadon G , Feldman DE , Dunn W , Gisel E Problemi dei pasti in bambini con disturbo dello spettro autistico e dei loro fratelli in genere in via di sviluppo: uno studio di confronto. .Autismo 15 (1) 2011, 98-113
[3]. Ekiel A. Aptekorz M, Kazek B, Wiechuła B, Wilk I, Martirosian G. Intestinal microflora of autistic children Med Dosw Mikrobiol. 62(3) 2010, 237-43.

[4]. Helena M. R. T. Parracho, Max O. Bingham,† Glenn R. Gibson and Anne L. McCartney Differences between the gut microflora of children with autistic spectrum disorders and that of healthy children Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, 2005, 987–991
[5]. Arcari Morini D, D'Eugenio A.,Aufiero F.Il potere farmacologico degli alimenti RED edizioni, Milano,2005