IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2014

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Discourse on Good Governance in Contemporary Democratic Practice in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Imoh, Ita-Imoh, , Gbenegbara, Sampson N.
	:	10.9790/0837-19660106

Abstract: This paper examines the issue of good governance in contemporary Nigeria‟s democratic practice Issues of governance and development are fundamental issues that every society both developed and undeveloped needs in every facet of human endeavours: economic, social, political, cultural and psychological wellbeing for its continuous existence. However, these basic ingredients and/ore requirements are lacking or at best ineffectively utilized in some parts of the world especially in Nigeria, hence, underdevelopment economic decline and insecurity pervades the political practice of Nigeria.

[1]. Ake, C. (1996). Democracy and Development in Africa, Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.
[2]. Alapiki, E. H. (2005). Politics and Governance in Nigeria, Port Harcourt: Shapee Publishers.
[3]. Anifowose, r. and Enemuo, F. C. (2008). Elements of Politics, Lagos: Sam Iroanusi Publications.
[4]. Agu, G. A. (2011). The Political Economy of Development in Africa, Makurdi: Destiny Ventures.
[5]. Adejo, A. M. (2010). "Re-invigorating the Machinery of Government for Enhanced Efficiency, Effectiveness, Probity and Accountancy" Public Lecture Department of History, Benue State, University, Makurdi

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Educational Rights of the Children in Conflict Zones
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shaikh Shamshul Aarfin
	:	10.9790/0837-19660710

Abstract: The educational rights of the children is quite often violated in the conflict affected areas. They are deprived from the basic fundamental right that is guaranteed by the constitution, and an important covenant of the United Nations CRC article. Children living in these areas are at risk they often forced to drop their education and engaged in the economic activities. Quite often they also become a part of child soldier and work as a helper which creates wastage in terms of educational year. UNESCO (1990) declared that "No country can use the benefits of science and technology on the scale necessary for is development if population includes a high percentage of illiterates".
Keywords : Conflict, Children, Education, Rights, Society

[1]. Census 2001, India.
[2]. Education For All Global Monitoring Report, 2005, (UNESCO‟s Education For All Development Index (EDI) for 2004)
[3]. http://infochangeindia.org/agenda/child-rights-in-india/status-of-children-in-india.html accessed on 15th March 2014.
[4]. Education in Conflict and Transition Context: Case studies from Democratic republic of Congo, Nepal, and Southern Sudan. P5.
[5]. Education Children in Conflict Zones, p. 6
[6]. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, EFA Global Monitoring Report: Reaching the Marginalized, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 2010.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Community policing and partnership: opportunities and challenges for gombe state nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. Mahmoud Umar, Usman Bappi
	:	10.9790/0837-19661115

Abstract: The role of the public in community policing cannot be over emphasized. Every definition of community policing shares the idea that the police and the community must work together to define and develop solutions to problems. One rationale for public involvement is the belief that police alone can neither create nor maintain safe communities. The public (i.e. local/traditional hunters, the vigilante group etc.) must assist in one way or the other to maintain law and order in the society. This led to the creation of local marshal by the state government in Gombe State through the Youth Rehabilitation and Empowerment Programme (YREP) which recruits almost 1,200 youth as marshals to assist in security, traffic and environmental management. This paper aimed at describing the benefit of community policing in Gombe state in particular and Nigeria in general, while making suggestions of how policing can be developed in communities today. The methodology adopted was the use of secondary data with the aid of content analysis approach. The study recommends amongst others, incorporating the activities of local vigilante groups to work side by side with the police units and other security outfits in the state in order to create synergy in the fight against crime.

[1] Abati, R. (2008) "Much Ado About Police Reforms." The Guardian, January 11
[2] Arase, S.E. and Iwuofor, I.P.O. (2007) (eds.), Policing Nigeria in the 21st Century, Ibadan, Spectrum Books.
[3] Babawale, T. (2001), "The Rise of Ethnic Militias, De-Legitimisation of The State, and the Threat to Nigerian Federalism", West Africa Review: 3, 1.
[4] Dickson, A.Y. (2007) "Community Policing" in Arase, S.E. and Iwuofor (eds.), Policing Nigeria in the 21st Century, Ibadan, Spectrum Books.
[5] Dolling, D. and Feltes, T. (1993) Community Policing: Comparative Aspects of Community Oriented Police Work. Holzkirchen/Obb: Felix.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Sociolinguistic Study of Social Stratification in Jharkhand and Its Impact on Academic Performance in English at Secondary Level Education
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Anita Kumari, Arvind Kumar
	:	10.9790/0837-19661626

Abstract: The presence of social stratification in every society is an open secret issue. It has multidimensional effects on people's food habit, life style, expectation, and education etc. The purpose of this study is to find out a relationship between social stratification in Jharkhand(India) and its impact on students' academic performance in English at secondary level education. In doing so an empirical study has been conducted. Data were collected from secondary level students and English teachers through questionnaire. The analysis of the data of this study seeks to show that students' academic performance in English co-relates with their social status, economic condition, family background and area of residence etc. As such varied performance of different groups of students is related to social stratification; hence finding out any single solution to this deep rooted issue is virtually impossible. However, to reduce the gaps among different groups of students some recommendations of experienced English teachers have been suggested in this paper.
Keywords: social stratification, multidimensional, academic performance.

[1] Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher psychological process. Cambridge:Harvard University Press. http://esl.fis.edu
[2] Sharmna, Yogendra K. (2009). Foundation of Sociology of Educatio,.Kanishka publishers, New Delhi-110003.
[3] Larsen-Freeman, Diane (2001). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching, Oxford University Press.
[4] Ofodu, G. O., &Lawal, R. A. (2011, November). Gender parity and secondary school students‟ achievement in English comprehension.Proceedings of the London International Conference on Education (2011), 96-101. London, United Kingdom.
[5] Adeyemi, D. A., &Kalane, M. S. (2011). English in Botswana junior secondary curriculum.International Journal of Educational Sciences.Delhi: India.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Stephen Greenblatt (2011). The Swerve: How the World Became Modern (New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company), pp. 356, ISBN 978-0-34340-3
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shiva Kumar Srinivasan
	:	10.9790/0837-19662729

Abstract: This book is a study of how Lucretian doctrines emerged during the European Renaissance due to the contingent discovery; and subsequent circulation, by Poggio Bracciolini, of an ancient manuscript on atomic physics by the Roman poet Lucretius titled On the Nature of Things in the fifteenth century. This contingent discovery not only reshaped cognitive patterns during the early modern period, but also mediated the ideological conflicts between materialism and spiritualism during the Renaissance. Thediscovery of this book by Lucretiusalso became important for the Renaissance because it set out a theory of the swerve that depicts how atoms fall. Lucretius' theory of the subject is modelled on the fall of these atoms which don't just fall, but swerve in their trajectories when they do so. It is this swerve then - within the trajectory of the atom - that makes it possible to envisage the existence of free will since a deterministic model of the world cannot explain all physical and psychological phenomena given that the trajectory of the swerve is not mechanical but probabilistic. The relationship between theories of historical determination and theories of free will in the history of ideas therefore had to be thought through by invoking the notion of the Lucretian swerve. Greenblatt's book however is not reducible to the Lucretian swerve per se, but is also about how the contingent emergence of this idea in Renaissance Europe forces us to rethink the relationship between the realms of what is historically necessary and what is historically contingent; and explains how the contingent then passes into the realm of historical necessity.
Keywords: Circulation, Lucretius, New Historicism, Renaissance, Representation

[1]. H. Bloom, 'Clinamen or poetic misprision', The anxiety of influence: A theory of poetry (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973, 1975), 18-45

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Gender, T.V.watching, Father Occupation and Science Resources available at home on Science Achievement of Secondary School Students of Central U.P.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Gyan Pratap Singh, Dr. Ali Imam
	:	10.9790/0837-19663543

Abstract: This study explored the effects of gender, t.v.watching, father occupation and science resources available at home on science on science achievement. A convenience sample of 2006 students, 1080 males and 926 female from twenty one schools of central UP was used for study. The Science Attitude Scale, Science Achievement Test and Personal and Environmental background assessment questionnaire were used for data collection, while t-test, f-test and correlation techniques were used for statistical analysis. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between science achievement of boys and girls. The results show that the duration of television watching was found to affect positively the science achievement of students at a certain time interval. The analysis also showed that the Science achievement was positively influenced by father's occupation. Further the results showed that the availability of science resources at home was positively correlated with the science achievement of the students.
Key Words: Science Achievement, Gender, T.V.watching, Father Occupation and Science Resources available at Home.

[1] Manning, M Lee (1998), Gender differences in young adolescents' Mathematics and science achievement, childhood education Article.
[2] Meckonion Michael (1997), "The effect of age position and sex on academic performance: a study of secondary school in Cyprus Educational Research, 39 (3).Anuradha, K., Bharthi, V.V. and Jayamma, B. (2006) television viewing behaviour of adolescents-its impact on their academic achievement. Educational Tracks. Vol.6. No.7, pp.27-31.
[3] Tzuriel, D., Egozi, G.(2010). Gender differences in spatial ability of young children: the effects of training and processing strategies. Child development,81 (5), 1417.
[4] TamirPimchas,(1998) Gender differences in high school sciences in Israel, British Educational Research Journal (19).
[5] Barry, J. Fraser and Jane Butler Kahle (2007) Classroom and peer environment influence on students outcomes in Science and Mathematics, An analysis of systematic reform data. International Journal of Science Education, Vol. 29, No. 15, 3, pp. 1891-1909.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Exploring Indonesian Graduates' English Language Skills and Companies' English Language Skills Requirements in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rachmie Sari Baso M.Ed
	:	10.9790/0837-19664456

Abstract: This paper explores a study of Indonesian graduates' English language skills and companies' English language requirements in the workplace in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Through questionnaire- based surveys submitted to the multinational companies and graduates from three higher education institutions; head of department, teachers and students as the graduates, results revealed that the use of an internal standard English language proficiency for students in the most of the institutions in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, should be considered for re-evaluation in order to meet the companies' English language requirements. The suggestion to include TOEFL preparation in the curriculum for students prior their graduation should be addressed followed by the importance of English for Specific Purposes and English for communication events both oral and written. These are relevant to the study's findings in terms of companies' requirement. Therefore, it is crucial for educators at university level in East Kalimantan to design an ESP Program which is focused on both oral and written communication skills.

[1]. Adawiyah, R., Darmawati, D., and Istiqomah (2007). Kepuasan pelanggan terhadap lulusan ekonomi. Jurnal Bisnis &Management Vol.7 No.2 2007 p. 233 -242
[2]. Al-Khatib, M (2005). English in the workplace: an analysis of the communication needs of tourism and banking personnel. Asian Foreign Language Journal Vol. 7 issue 2 2005 p. 174 -194
[3]. Chevron Indonesia (2012). Chevron Indonesia career Retrieved : 01 June 2012 From : http: //chevronindonesiacareer.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/chevron-indonesia-career-2012.html
[4]. Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. (3rd Ed). New Jersey: Person International Edition.
[5]. Crosling, G., and Ward, I (2002) Oral communication: the workplace needs and uses of business graduates employees. English for Specific Purposes 21 (2002) 41-57

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Framework of religous intitution contribution in community development: Lesson learned from Tomohon, North Sulawesi
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Grace Sumbung,, Agus Suman, Kliwon Hidayat, Paulus Kindangen
	:	10.9790/0837-19665762

Abstract: The study aimed to construct the framework of religious institution in Christians community in Tomohon, North Sulawesi Indonesia. This study shows that the activity of Church as a main religious institution in Tomohon provides significant role in community development. Community empowerment pattern is performed by the church through the establishment of training institution (i.e. BLPT Kaaten, Tomohon), which is actively provides opportunities to increase community skill and knowledge on coconut wood based industry. Such institution also assists in participant training so that the participants can open their own business independently to support daily expenses, education fees, and health costs. Significantly, the Church programs contributes to community health, eeducation, works opportunities and therefore decrease number of jobless and crimes. The programs significantly contributes to community social and economic status.
Keywords: Community development, Poverty alleviation, North Sulawesi, SMEs

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a Policy Resource (Springer, 2001).
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intervention for care and support of AIDS-orphaned and vulnerable children in rural Uganda. Proc. Innovations in Effective
Compassion: Compendium of Research Papers for the White House FBO Conference. Washington DC: US Department of Health
and Human Services 2008, 213-235.
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21(6), 2000, 613-633.
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Wackernagel. Strategic sustainable development—selection, design and synergies of applied tools. Journal of Cleaner production
10, (3) 2002, 197-214.
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