IOSR-JHSS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2017

Abstract: The use of realia is commonplace in the ESL/EFL classroom and is widely considered to have great value in fostering an active teaching-learning environment. It provides the learners a meaningful learning experience as it connects the classroom activities to the real world. This paper attempts to show some uses of realia, its advantages and disadvantages. For this paper, a survey has been conducted which throws some light on different teachers (tertiary level) perspective of realia and its usage in language classroom.It also provides some suggestions on how to choose realia appropriately for classroom activities to ensure effective learning.

Keywords: Realia, pedagogical tool, effective learning, classroom activities, real life experience..

[1] Bably, T &Majid, N. "Use of Realia and ICT Makes a Language Class Dynamic and Success". 16th International Conference of NELTA, 18th -20th February, 2011, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[2] Berwald, J.P. (1987). "Teaching foreign languages with realia and other authentic materials." ERIC Q& A. Washington, DC: ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics. (ERIC Document Reproduction
Service No. ED 289 367) Available from:
http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=ED289367
[3] Dickens, M., Robertson, I. & Hofmann, E. (1995). "Realia: Bringing the Real World into the Classroom". http://www.wlc.com/oxus/realia.htm
[4] Harmer, J. (2003). The Practice of English Language Teaching (3rded.). England: Longman.
[5] Head, K & Taylor, P. (1997). Readings in Teacher Development. UK: Macmillan Education

Abstract: Education has major role in developing and transforming the cultural values, moral values, spiritual values, aesthetic values etc. to the next generation.So education has the ideals for mankind to lead a peaceful life. Many great thinkers have contributed their ideals to the field of education. Among great thinkers PanditDeendayalUpadhyaya, also contributed to the field of education through politics. A great politician who educated the minds of the people through political thoughts.PanditDeendayalUpadhyay (25 September 1916 – 11 February 1968) was an Indian politician . He was one of the most important leaders of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the forerunner of the present day BharatiyaJanata Party.

[1] National Curriculum Frame work, 2005, NCERT Delhi.
[2] National Policy of Education 1986 as modified in 1992.
[3] D. Human Rights Education 78 to 82.
[4] A Complete Deendayal Reader – A portal created by Dr. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation
[5] http://pib.nic.in/newsite

Abstract: The Lepchas like all indigenous found all over India, were in isolation and devoid of all social contact with the outside world. They were hunters and gatherers and devised a way to ferment millet grains into a sweet beer popularly known as Chi, this mild beer was so popular that it has imbibed itself into every social and cultural life of the Lepchas. We shall with this study try to bring forth how this mild beer became the drink of the gods and how every ceremony is rendered useless without it. We will delve into its origin, its preparation, the method to drink it and effects on Lepcha society.

Keywords: Lepcha, Indigenous, Brew, Beer, Ceremonies, Social, Religious

[1] Mutanchi Rong Shezum, Kalimpong, (2001), Nyu-lik nyu song (The book of Nyulik Nyusong's story), P. 2.
[2] Tamsang, K.P., 1983, The Unknown and Untold Reality about the Lepchas, Kalimpong. P. 61.
[3] Foning, Arthur R., 1987, Lepcha, my vanishing tribe, New Delhi: Sterling Publications Ltd. Reprinted in 2003. P. 250.
[4] Chakrabarty, P. B., 1985, "Folklore of the Lepchas (Rong-Kup) of Sikkim" in Soumen Sen (Ed), Folklore in North-East India, Omsons Publications, New Delhi, 210-217. P. 214.
[5] Tamlong, D. T., 2008, Mayel Lyang and the Lepchas (About Sikkim and Darjeeling), Darjeeling. P. 155

Abstract: Indian social order is patriarchal. The patriarchal social order is the reflection of a social division that lacks a space for equal treatment of men and women in terms of providing them opportunities and expecting their performances. Indian society has been legitimized positioning women to remain under the subjugation of their male counterpart within and outside the family. Traditionally, the role of an Indian woman has been largely approved of a status that is only social in nature and sequences as a daughter, sister, wife, mother etc. Women in India mostly were limited to the social identity having been deprived of economic and political participation and recognition until some progressive efforts taken.

Keywords: Women, Empowerment and MGNREGA

[1] Arora, Vinita, Kulshreshtha.L.R, and Upadhyay. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: A Unique Scheme for Indian Rural Women, International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, Vol.3, No.2. 2013

[2] Beaman, Lori, Raghadendra Chattopadhya, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, and Petia Topalova, 2011, ―Political Reservation and Substantive Representation: Evidence from Indian Village Councils,‖ Edited by Suman Bery, Barry Bosworth, and Arvind Panagariya (Washington: Brookings Institution and National Council of Applied Economic Research).

[3] Bushan. Sushma.D, and Usha.V.T. Change in the Role of Working Women, Research Explorer, Vol.II, issue.9, 2013 [4] Institute of Applied Manpower Research, 2008. All-India Report on Evaluation of NREGA: A Survey of Twenty Districts, Narela, Delhi-40, i-22.

[5] Khera Reetika and Nayak Nandini, 2009, ―Women Workers and Perceptions of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act‖, Economic & Political Weekly (EPW), Vol.44, No.43 (October 24-30, 2009), 49-57.

Abstract: In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were rolled out, following poor outcomes of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially in Africa and many low and middleincome countries (LMICs). With the SDGs in place for another 15 years, it is worthwhile to critically review the performances of the MDGs in many African countries, identify gaps and improve appropriately on the relevant SDGs. This study aimed to undertake an in-depth review of the MDGs in Nigeria as well as provide recommendations towards achieving the SDGs. Methods: An expo-facto descriptive analysis of secondary data: The Millennium Development Goals Performance Tracking Survey Report (MDGPTSR, 2012-2015) by National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and United Nations Millennium Development Goals......

Keywords: Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, in-depth, descriptive, Nigeria, Africa.

[1]. Ajiboye, T. (2011) Responses to Millennium Development Goals: A performance review for Nigeria Retrieved from http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2014/03/26/nigerias-mdg-score- card/
[2]. Easterly, W. (2007). How the Millenium Development Goals are Unfair to Africa. Retrieved from Brookings: Global Economy & Development Working Paper 14, Pp 1-25
[3]. Economic Commission for Africa (2013). MDG Report 2013 Executive Summary for Africa. Retrievedfromhttp://www.undp.org/content/dam/uganda/docs/Africa%20MDG%20report%202013%20s ummary_EN.pdf
[4]. Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN, 2004). National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development
[5]. National Bureau of Statistics. (2015). The Millennium Development Goals Performance Tracking Survey 2015 Report. Nigeria: Federal Republic of Nigeria Retrieved from http://www.google.com/?gfe_rd=the+ millennium + development + goals + performance + tracking +
survey + 2015 + report.

Abstract: Purpose: School is the second home for the kids where they are educated, instructed and make to learn. As per United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2013) revealed that 45% of teachers in Primary education of India are female. As a result they are facing high work stress and juggling with work-life imbalance. Methodology: The data has been collected from both private and government schools of Raipur. Study is limited to married female teachers and the research instrument is designed with the help of literature review and data is collected through survey method. Reliability............

Keywords: Family-friendly policies, Quality of life, Stress, Work load, Work-life balance

[1]. Adeeba, I. & Azmi, F., (2015).Work Life Balance among Teachers: An Empirical Study, Journal of Business and Management, Vol.17( 2),pp-1-11
[2]. Agarwal, R., Mishra, A., Dixit, P., (2015). Gender and Work-Life Balance, International Journal of Science Technology and Management, Vol.4 (1), pp-67-75
[3]. Anna, B. (2010). Women in Academia: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Work/Life Balance. Retrieved October 11, 2012 from http://www.claremontmckenna.net/berger/pdf/BeningerDissertationWomeninAcademia.pdf
[4]. Barik, P. (2011). General Life Satisfaction of Female Professionals Across Different Organizations, Asian Journal of Management, Vol.2(4), pp-197-201
[5]. Bharat, S. 2003. Women, work, and family in urban India, Towards new families? in J. W. Berry, R. C. Mishra, and R. C. Tripathi ed., Psychology in human and social development, Lessons from diverse cultures pp.155-169 New Delhi, India, Sage

Abstract: The values adopted by individuals today shape the values of a nation in the future. Socialization is a lifelong process, that is, it starts at birth and ends when a person dies. Even as we become adults, we often seek the influence of family members with greater experience or expertise. Primary modes of learning come from family, friends and several other agents that has encounter in daily life. When individual understand the level of influence of different socialization agents and adopted those habits and values therefore come under the process of consumer socialization. Children‟s influences increase with age. The socialization agents are the family, peers or the media; there are several possible socialization outcomes. The paper attempts to analyze the main socializing agent of Generation X and...........

Keywords: Buying decision, children"s role, online presence, social media.

[1] Assael and Henry. (1995). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action (5th Ed.). Ohio: South Western College Publishing House Ltd.
[2] Boone, L.E. and Kurtz D. L. (2014). Contemporary Marketing. (17th Ed.). Boston: Cengage learning.
[3] Donnelly, A. (2008). Playing to the Digital Generation Marketing. Ohio: south Western College Publishing House Ltd.
[4] Ekstrom, K.M., Tansuhaj, P. S. and Foxman, E. R. (1987). Children‟s Influence in Family Decisions and Consumer Socialization: A Reciprocal View. Advances in Consumer Research, 14, 283-287.
[5] Hawkins, J. and Allison, G. (2009). Consumer socialisation of children: Exploring the influence of TV programme content on children‟s health knowledge, attitudes and behavior. NZMAC conference program 2009..

Abstract: The world is passing through very turbulent times. The global scenario and crises continue to manifest newer and grave dangers almost every week. The Similarities to the Period just before the second world war Continue to be cited and it seems clear that events are escalating towards the futuristic and horrific third world war. The need of the time is development of Societal peace. Moreover spirituality is yet to be fully acknowledged as a valuable element in efforts towards peace.

[1] Indipendence News: Could North Korea go for nuclrar war. Andrew Griffin.
[2] Global crises and pathway to peace. Hazrat Mirza Mssroor Ahmad head of Ahmadiyya Muslim community.
[3] The bulliten of atomic scientists..

Abstract: The study has been undertaken in the background of violence and human insecurity that persist in BTAD of Assam. The present work is an effort to understand the dynamics of violent conflict in BTAD in general and Bodo's stir for political milieu in particular. The most pertinent issues are how civilian's space and freedom from fear are being impeded by violent conflict situations. The BTAD of Assam which has been chosen for this study is one of the most vulnerable regions of Assam in terms of armed violence. Enforcement of hegemonic role by the dominant group and the process of exclusion in BTAD is problematic. In this paper, effort is to be made to provide a critique of homeland discourse of Bodos and shall argue how to represent the interest of each and every caste and community residing within the BTAD area.

Key Words: Political milieu, Homeland discourse, Violence

[1] Baruah, Sanjiv. (2009). Beyond Counter Insurgency: Breaking The Impasses In North East India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press Publication.
[2] Baruah, Sanjiv. (1999). India Against Itself : Assam And The Politics Of Nationality. New Delhi: Oxford University Press Publication.
[3] Bhattacharjya, Chandana. (1996). Ethnicity And Autonomy Movement : Case Of Bodo Kacharis Of Assam. New Delhi: Vikas Publisher.
[4] Bhuyan, Abhijit. (2007). The Socio – Political Movement For Bodoland And Beyond : A General Paradigm. Guwahati: Peace Studies Publication.
[5] Chaklader, Snehamoy. (2004). Sub- Regional Movement in India: With Special Reference To Bodoland And Gorkhaland. Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi and Company Publication

Abstract: Microfinance came into existence in financial segment to fulfill financial needs of unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who would otherwise have no other means of gaining financial services. Over last 30 years it has been recognized internationally as the modern tool to combat poverty. Microfinance Institutions and SHGs these two prominent models are helping in reducing poverty, empowering women and are creating awareness on overall socio-economic empowerment of its members. The main aim of microfinance is to empower poor people socially and economically. In this paper, role played by microfinance in empowering poor people in Bihar is considered on two dimensions namely social and economical based on several of its individual indicators. The study is undertaken in Bihar............

Key Words: MFIs, SHGs, Economic Empowerment Index, Social Empowerment Index

[1] Bashyal, R. (2005). Impact of microcredit programs on poverty alleviation in Nepal: A case study of Rupandehi district. (A Ph.D. dissertation submitted to Tribhuvan University), Kathmandu
[2] Chen,M.A. and Dunn, E. (1996),"Household Economic Portfolios", AIMS, USAID, Washington D.C.
[3] Chen, M.A. and Snodgrass, D. (1999), "An Assessment of the impact of SEWA Bank in India-Base line findings", AIMS, USAID, Washington D.C.
[4] Cohen, M. and Bourjorjee, D. (2003), "Impact of Microfinance", Donor Brief No. 13, CGAP, Washington
[5] Cohen, M. and Chen,M.A. (1997), "A Guide for assessing the microenterprise services at the individual level"' AIMS, USAID, Washington, D.C...

Abstract: Prigi fishery port of Prigi, Trenggalek Regency is the second largest fishing port in the south of Java island after cilacap. The results of the catch fish from this region, has great potential for the welfare of the people around. For that transfer fish processing technology, the local fish processing community in order to optimally prosper the local community. The objective of this research is to develop the household-scale canning industry with hermetic application technology, on the target group of Prigi Fishing Association (APIG), which has traditionally been unhygienic fish pengempengan and do not have long period of consumption. The methodology of this research is carried out in the following way: (i) isolation, identification, (ii) collection, selection of catch fish from Banyu Biru harbor (Malang.......

KEYWORDS: Home, Industry, Canning, Fish, Hermetic, Prigi

[1] Akbarsyah,T. M.I. 2006. Studi Proses Pengalengan Ikan Tuna Albakora (Thunnus alalunga) dan Pemanfaatan Limbahnya Menjadi Abon Ikan di PT Bali Maya Permai, Negara, Bali. Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan. Jakarta

[2] Bappeda Trenggalek, 2016, Trenggalek Dalam Angka, Pemkab, Trenggalek. [3] Biro Pusat Statistik,2012, Trenggalek Dalam Angka, Badan Statistik, Trenggalek.
[4] Budi Rianto, 2008, Pelayanan Prima Sektor Publik, Jaudar Press, Surabaya.
[5] .................., 2013, Pemberdayaan Nasional Masyarakat Mandiri, Jaudar Press, Surabaya..

Abstract: Marital rape is defined as the act of sexual intercourse with one‟s spouse without the consent of the other spouse. It is a form of sexual abuse and domestic violence. The Indian society is too hypocritical to acknowledge the fact that marriages can be potentially disharmonious and dangerous sites of human interaction. According to National Family Health Survey, 2005-06 , almost one in every ten married women aged 15-49 years in India have been forced to have sex with their husband against their will. Out of 9% of the women who reported sexual assault,94% suffered it at the hands of their husbands. Historically husbands have been given the right to use their wives as property that they owned..........

Keywords: Marital rape,Consent,Criminal law ,SC landmark Judgment

...............

Abstract: Drama or a play is an adaptation to entertain the crowd in Greek, Roman and Indian civilizations. Gradually, it spread to other parts of the world and has become a major genre in literature. Romans influence over the English is predominant, when it comes to the development and rise of English drama. The introduction of Christianity and Latin language made it necessary for people to understand the Bible in Latin. However, education of noble languages like Latin was confined only to the nobles and members of the Church. This has led to the development of preliminary drama, which was in control of the Church than production units [as found today]. The first play ever recorded performed at Dunstable, England is St. Katherine [1110 A.D.]. It was performed in Latin but was aimed to enlighten the English audience about the life and martyrdom of Katherine. From the Church interpretations of the Bible and various religious stories, the rise of English drama was slow. Gradually, this form of entertainment has divided based on the performances. The play became secular with the development of ―Folk Celebrations‖, where the English.............

Keywords: Drama,Theatre,Elizabeth

[1] Actors Remonstrance Pub. Edward Nickson 1643. <www.eebo.chadwyck.com>
[2] Astington, John H. English Court Theatre 1558-1642, Cambridge: University Press, 1999.
[3] Berry, Herbert. ‗Vennar , Richard (bap. 1564, d. 1615)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
[4] [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28190, accessed 11 Feb. 2007]
[5] Briggs, Julia. This Stage-Play World. Oxford: University Press, 1983.

Abstract: The relationship between language and culture is deeply rooted. Language is used to maintain and convey culture and cultural ties. Different ideas stem from differing language use within one's culture and the whole intertwining of these relationships start at one's birth. When an infant is born, it is not unlike any other infant born, in fact, quite similar. It is not until the child is exposed to their surroundings that they become individuals in and of their cultural group. This idea, which describes all people as similar at birth, has been around for thousands of years and was discussed by Confucius as recorded in the book by his followers, Analects (Xu, 1997). From birth, the child's life, opinions, and language areshaped by what it comes in contact with. Brooks (1968) argues that physically and mentally everyone...........

Keywords: language,social,culture

[1] Axtell, Roger E. 1995. Do's and Taboos of Using English Around the World. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[2] -----. 1991. Gestures: The Do's and Taboos of Body Language Around the World. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[3] Bolinger, Dwight. 1975. Aspects of Language. 2nd Ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
[4] ____. 1980. Language: The Loaded Weapon. London: Longman.
[5] Clark, Virginia P., Paul A. Eschholz and Alfred F. Rosa, (Eds.). 1981. Language: Introductory Readings. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Abstract: Public health results from proper health of the children and mothers, it‟s not a single factor that determines this health, it‟s a combination of many determinants, family planning is still low in India and every fifth birth in the world is an Indian, and 50% percent of the Indian populations are of reproductive age Lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods and concerns about health side effects and effectiveness are also major barriers to adoption of family planning services, child health, incidences of malnutrition and children who are not vaccinated are still existing in India more so in rural parts, Children...........

Key words: Characterization, health services, mothers, children, existence of basic health services, utilization level

[1] Dandona, R., & Dandona, L. (2016). A review of national health surveys in India, 1–23.
[2] Health, N. F. (2005). India (Vol. I).
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