IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2016

Abstract: The Modern World System Capitalist Agriculture and The Origin of The European World Economy, is Immanuel Wallenstein‟s historical exposition of the structure and character of the prevailing global socio-political and economic relation. He made an insightful note on the exploitative nature of this relation. And the inevitable consequences are highlighted. The claims in this study are by no means original but by adding the semi-periphery in this analysis he has expanded the existing theory of global political economy from bimodal to trimodal structure...............

[1] Amin, S, (1977).Imperialism and unequal development.Hassocks, Harvest press.
[2] Goldfrank, W. (2000). "Paradigm regained" the rule of Wallenstein‟s world-system method", Journal of world system research, vol. 6 No. 2.
[3] Hopkins, T. K and Wallenstein (1981). "Structural transformation of the world economy" In R. Robinson (eds) Dynamics of world development, New York, Columbia University Press.
[4] Robinson, W (2004), A theory of Global Capitalism: Class andState in a Transnational World. Baltimore, MD Johns Hopkins.University Press.
[5] Robinson, W. (2004)."From State Hegemony to transnational Hegemony: A global capitalism approach". In IReifer (ed) Globalization, Hegemony and Power: Antisystemic Movement and global system, Boulder, Co: Paradigm Press

Abstract: The major objective of the research is to examine how environmental information disclosure has been reported over the years through GRI disclosure standard and guidelines. The study considers environmentally sensitive firms listed in the NSE for the 6-year period ranging from 2009-2014. Data of the selected sample were analyzed using Excel13, SPSS22 and Stata13 to produce diagrammatic as well as statistical results. The outcome of evaluated data was very encouraging as it shows an average disclosure rate of 60.36% given by the simple average disclosure index. Besides, the discovery also pointed out that the rate of disclosure was higher after the adoption of the IFRS reporting system by the Nigerian government on 1st January, 2012.It..........

Keywords:-Environmental Nature, Environmental Trend, Environmental Reporting, Global Reporting Initiative (GRI)

[1] Alonso-Almeida, M., Llach, J., & Marimon, F. (2012, November 23rd). A closer look at "global reporting initiative" sustainability reporting as a tool to implement environmental and social policies: A worldwide sector analysis, 21; 318-335.
[2] Asaolu, T. O., Agboola, A. A., Ayoola, T. J., & Salamu, M. K. (2011). Sustainability in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. Environmental Management Conference Proceedings, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria.
[3] Ballou, B., Heitger, D. L. & Landes, C. E. (December 2006). The future of corporate sustainability reporting – a rapid growing assurance opportunity. Journal of Accountancy. http://www.starbucks.com
[4] Beets, S. D. & Souther, C. C. June 1999). Corporate environmental reports: the need for standards and an environmental assurance service. American Accounting Association's Accounting Horizons. 13(2); 129-145

Abstract: The major objective of the research is to examine the relationship between the corporate characteristics of firm age, audit firms and tax rate on the one hand and environmental reporting on the other, through environmental policy administrators.The study considers environmentally sensitive firms listed in the NSE for the 6-year period ranging from 2009 to 2014. Data of the selected sample were analyzed using Stata13 to produce statistical results. The outcome of evaluated data was very encouraging as it shows an average disclosure rate of 60.36% given by the simple average disclosure index. Besides, the discovery also pointed out that a significant relationship exists between corporate characteristics and sustainability reporting..............

Keywords:- Big four, corporate characteristics, effective tax rate, environmental reporting, firm age, firm auditors, global reporting initiative (GRI), sustainability

[1] Adams, C. A. (2002). Internal organizational factors influencing corporate social and ethical reporting: Beyond current theorizing. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15(2); 223-250. http://www.emeraldsight.com/095-3574.htm

[2] Ahmad, Z., Hassan, S. & Mohammad, J. (2003). Determinants of environmental reporting in Malaysia. International Journal of Business Studies. 11(1), 69-90.

[3] Alrazi, B., Sulaiman, M. & Ahmad, N. N. N. (2009). A longitudinal examination of environmental reporting practices in Malaysia. Internal Journal of Business. 11(1); 37-72. https://www.researchgate.net/publication

[4] Ballou, B., Heitger, D. L. & Landes, C. E. (December 2006). The future of corporate sustainability reporting – a rapid growing assurance opportunity. Journal of Accountancy, 202(6); 65-74. http://www.starbucks.com

Abstract: Nutrition is a concept essentially linked with access to food, utilisation of food and assimilation and retention through proper health and hygiene. Within this perspective, the present paper looks into the utilisation of food within a household where gender attitudes and self-esteem of 300 rural mothers from two districts of West Bengal were considered. The study looks into the impact of the above, on the nutrition and health security of 425 school going children from same socio-economic status, studying at primary level, in the age group of 5 to 12 years, under the ICDS midday meal scheme.............

Keywords: Gender, Nutrition, Diet, Food Consumption, Health

[1] UNFPA data (Dec, 2014). Retrieved from https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/UNFPA_Publication-39764.pdf

[2] Census data (16 June, 2014) http://www.census2011.co.in/
[3] Sen, A. Gender and Cooperative Conflicts, Persistent Inequalities, Tinker, I. (ed.) (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990).

[4] Sen, A. The Many Faces of Gender Inequality, Retrieved from http://prof.chicanas.com/readings/SenInequality.pdf (2001).

[5] UNDP Report Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/271/hdr_2011_en_complete.pdf (2011).

Abstract: Research on how members of faith communities interact on online social networks and the factors that influence their computer-mediated communication are lacking. This study applies the concept of homophily to investigate the factors that encourage the development of relationship ties among members of faith communities on online social network sites such as Facebook. A survey was conducted with 210 members of Catholic faith communities on Facebook. Findings revealed that active involvement with a real-life faith community predicts increased relationships and interaction among members on online social networks. Active involvement was found to be a major factor influencing virtual religious homophily. The findings support the notion that online social behavior reflects offline behavior. The study has several implications for the use of social media by religious organizations for building an online community of faith as an extension of the real-life church community.

Keywords: Computer-mediated communication, faith community, homophily, online social networks, social network theory, social behavior on Facebook

[1] J. M. McPherson, L. Smith-Lovin, and J.M. Cook, Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual review of sociology, 27, 2001, 415-444.
[2] L.M. Verbrugge, The structure of adult friendship choices. Social forces, 56(2), 1977, 576-597.
[3] C. Kadushin, Understanding social networks: Theories, concepts, and findings. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).
[4] G. Kossinets and D.J. Watts, Origins of homophily in an evolving social network1. American journal of sociology, 115(2), 2009, 405-450.
[5] H. Louch, Personal network integration: transitivity and homophily in strong-tie relations. Social networks, 22(1), 2000, 45-64.

Abstract: - The study aims to describe and examine the effectiveness of school at school and class level in Medan's junior high schools. In this study, 13 junior high schools were examined which include 7 nationally-standardized junior high schools and 6 independently-fostered Junior High Schools. A total of 275 teachers selected as samples of both types of junior high schools. This study conducted by using mixed methods design, embedded concurrent technique, quantitative as the primary method and qualitative as the secondary method which plays a supporting role in the research findings..............

Keywords: - School Effectiveness, Process in School and Class Level

[1] Achilles. C.M. Student Achieve More in Smaller Classes. Journal Education Leadership. 53. 1996. Pp 76-77.
[2] Alma, Harris, (2004) Departmental Effectiveness and Schools Effectiveness : Exploring and Missing Link. Journal for Effective Schools. Vol. 3 No. 1 Idaho State University. ICEE.
[3] Badan Pusat Statistik (2011) Indonesia Dalam Angka. BPS. Jakarta.
[4] Bass, B.M dan Stogdill, R.M (1990). Bass and Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership. 3rd Edition. New York : Free Press.
[5] Bush, T dan Coleman, M. (2000). Leadership and Stratrgic Management and Education. London : A Sage Publications Company

Abstract: - The exploitation of any energy resource produces impacts and bears risks; unconventional natural gas resources are not an exemption. The development of unconventional gas has potential to change local economies and social relations. With the aim to understand the social impact on rural communities experiencing unconventional gas development, researchers have turned towards earlier efforts, in particular of rural sociologists which have developed a robust literature assessing the social and economic impact using mainstream models such as The Boomtown Model, The Social Disruption Boomtown Model, The Natural Gas Development Model, and The Resource Curse Model.............

Keywords: Shale gas, local community, social impact, boomtown, resource development

[1] I. de Melo-Martín, J. Hays, and M.L. Finkel, The role of ethics in shale gas policies, Science of the total environment, 470, 2014, 1114-1119.
[2] C. Kerschner, C. Prell, K. Feng, and K. Hubacek, Economic vulnerability to Peak Oil, Global Environ. Change, 23(6), 2013, 1424–1433.
[3] R.C. Stedman, J.B. Jacquet, M.R. Filteau, F.K. Willits, K.J. Brasier, and D.K. McLaughlin, Marcellus Shale Gas Development and New Boomtown Research: Views of New York and Pennsylvania Residents, Environmental Practice, 14(4), 2012, 382–393.
[4] J.S. Gilmore, Boomtowns May Hinder Energy Resource Development, Science, No 191, February Issue, 1976, 535-540.
[5] K.J. Brasier and M. Filteau, Community Impacts of Shale-Based Energy Development: A Summary and Research Agenda, in M.L. Finkel (Ed.), The Human and environmental impact of fracking: how fracturing shale for gas affects us and our world, (Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, 2015), 95-114.